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user13654
Asked: 2010-03-31 10:26:52 +0800 CST

如何让 Mac 在 NetBooting 时从另一个并行运行的 DHCP 服务器请求新的 IP 地址？

  • 772

我有一个有趣的情况。

我正在尝试使用基于 Linux 的机器，通过与“全局”DHCP 服务器并行运行 DHCP 服务来允许 Mac 进行 Netboot（类似于 PXE 引导）。

本地 DHCP 服务器分发私有子网中的 IP，例如 10.168.0.10-10.168.254-254，而“全局”DHCP 服务器分发 IP 范围 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.1.254 中的 IP。

本地 DHCP 范围只应该在 Preboot Execution Environment 和 Netboot 中使用。本地 DHCP 服务器是我可以控制的，但我无权访问全局 DHCP 服务器。

我有一个过滤器，只允许具有供应商字符串“AAPLBSDPC/i386”和“PXEClient”的成员。

PXE 工作正常，但 Netboot 有一个怪癖。

尚未连接到网络的 Apple 系统可以正常启动网络。但是一旦它从全局 DHCP 服务器中获取了一个“真实的”IP 地址，它就会“保存”它并在下次我们希望它进行网络启动时请求它（本地 dhcp 服务器不会给它）。

这就是我要的：

Mar 30 10:52:28 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1
Mar 30 10:52:29 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 10.168.222.46 to 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1
Mar 30 10:52:31 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.168.222.46 (10.168.0.1) from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1
Mar 30 10:52:31 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.168.222.46 to 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1
Mar 30 10:52:32 dev01 in.tftpd[5890]: tftp: client does not accept options
Mar 30 10:52:53 dev01 in.tftpd[5891]: tftp: client does not accept options
Mar 30 10:52:53 dev01 in.tftpd[5893]: tftp: client does not accept options
Mar 30 10:52:54 dev01 in.tftpd[5895]: tftp: client does not accept options

当它已经有一个“存储的”IP时，这是我得到的：

Mar 30 10:51:29 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:25:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1
Mar 30 10:51:30 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 10.168.222.45 to 00:25:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1
Mar 30 10:51:31 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.0.0.61 (10.0.0.1) from 00:25:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1: ignored (not authoritative).

你有什么建议吗？将不胜感激。

编辑：我认为如果 DHCP 服务器在 Apple 类中，它应该对请求进行 NACK……我可以在过滤掉 Apple Netbooting 系统的类中粘贴“权威”声明吗？

[从本地 DHCP 服务器中删除 tcpdump]

我尝试用组合键来击打婴儿车，但没有奏效。它仍然在 DHCP 日志中报告相同的内容。我现在正在研究 DHCP 配置中的其他随机选项。

编辑：

有趣的是，如果我进入操作系统，关闭 en0，然后重新启动并尝试 NetBooting（因此释放 IP？）。Netboot 将从本地服务器和 Netboot 正确获取 IP。

您对为什么这样做有任何想法吗？

（我想感谢你到目前为止所做的所有努力，你真的很有帮助。）

这是通过 Netboot 客户端的镜像端口进行的端口跟踪。

图例（以防万一）：

IP 地址

  • 10.0.* 是全球 IP 范围 [公共 LAN]
  • 10.168.* 是本地 IP 范围 [Private LAN/For Netboot/PXE]

苹果电脑

  • 34:15:xx:... 是 Netboot 客户端
  • 00:1e:xx:... 是本地 DHCP 服务器
  • 00:24:xx:... 是全局 DHCP 服务器

当它不起作用时跟踪：

tcpdump: listening on en0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
15:01:10.765615 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 590: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 163, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 576)
    0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 548, xid 0x2b93, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
      Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
        Magic Cookie 0x63825363
        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
        Parameter-Request Option 55, length 5: 
          Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, BF, Vendor-Option
          Vendor-Class
        Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
        Vendor-Class Option 60, length 28: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/MacBookPro5,3"
        Vendor-Option Option 43, length 4: 2.2.1.1
        END Option 255, length 0
        PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 252
15:01:10.784087 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 346: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 17248, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    10.0.129.254.67 > 10.0.128.63.68: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x2b93, Flags [none] (0x0000)
      Your-IP 10.0.128.63
      Server-IP 10.0.178.10
      Gateway-IP 10.0.129.254
      Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
        Magic Cookie 0x63825363
        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
        Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.254.0
        RN Option 58, length 4: 1296000
        RB Option 59, length 4: 2268000
        Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 2592000
        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.0.178.10
        Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 10.0.129.254
        END Option 255, length 0
        PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 20
15:01:11.527910 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 416: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 398)
    10.168.0.1.67 > 10.168.0.11.68: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 370, xid 0x2b93, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
      Your-IP 10.168.0.11
      Server-IP 10.168.0.1
      Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
      sname "10.168.0.1"
      file "macnbi-i386/booter"
      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
        Magic Cookie 0x63825363
        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.168.0.1
        Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 86400
        Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.0.0
        Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 10.168.0.1
        RP Option 17, length 76: "http://10.0.128.1/Netboot/NetBootSP0/NetRestore.nbi/NetInstall-Restore.dmg"
        Vendor-Option Option 43, length 6: 8.4.129.0.0.103
        Vendor-Class Option 60, length 14: "AAPLBSDPC/i386"
        END Option 255, length 0
15:01:12.865888 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 590: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 39430, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 576)
    0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 548, xid 0x2b93, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
      Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
        Magic Cookie 0x63825363
        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
        Parameter-Request Option 55, length 5: 
          Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, BF, Vendor-Option
          Vendor-Class
        Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
        Vendor-Class Option 60, length 28: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/MacBookPro5,3"
        Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 10.0.128.63
        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.0.178.10
        Vendor-Option Option 43, length 4: 2.2.1.1
        END Option 255, length 0
        PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 240
15:01:12.868182 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 346: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 17251, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    10.0.129.254.67 > 10.0.128.63.68: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x2b93, Flags [none] (0x0000)
      Your-IP 10.0.128.63
      Gateway-IP 10.0.129.254
      Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
        Magic Cookie 0x63825363
        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
        RN Option 58, length 4: 1296000
        RB Option 59, length 4: 2268000
        Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 2592000
        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.0.178.10
        Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.254.0
        Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 10.0.129.254
        END Option 255, length 0
        PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 20
15:01:12.868185 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.128.63 tell 0.0.0.0, length 46
15:01:13.367995 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.128.63 tell 10.0.128.63, length 46
15:01:13.868312 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.129.254 tell 10.0.128.63, length 46
15:01:13.868854 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 10.0.129.254 is-at 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 46
15:01:13.868857 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 89: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 39236, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 75)
    10.0.128.63.15789 > 10.168.0.1.69: [udp sum ok]  47 RRQ "macnbi-i386/booter" octet blksize 512 tsize 0
15:01:18.968010 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 89: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 41750, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 75)
    10.0.128.63.15790 > 10.168.0.1.69: [udp sum ok]  47 RRQ "macnbi-i386/booter" octet blksize 512 tsize 0 
15:01:24.067221 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 89: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 30380, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 75)
    10.0.128.63.15791 > 10.168.0.1.69: [udp sum ok]  47 RRQ "macnbi-i386/booter" octet blksize 512 tsize 0

看起来你是对的；它确实收到了多个回复，但我不确定这是否是它没有选择一个而不是另一个的原因。

这是一个成功的网络启动尝试的 tcpdump：

tcpdump: listening on en0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
15:31:26.287342 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 590: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 44354, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 576)
    0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 548, xid 0x32cc, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
     Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
     Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
       Magic Cookie 0x63825363
       DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
       Parameter-Request Option 55, length 5: 
         Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, BF, Vendor-Option
         Vendor-Class
       Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
       Vendor-Class Option 60, length 28: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/MacBookPro5,3"
       Vendor-Option Option 43, length 4: 2.2.1.1
       END Option 255, length 0
       PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 252
15:31:26.289057 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x0, ttl 127, id 1530, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 39)
    10.0.178.10 > 10.0.128.63: ICMP echo request, id 512, seq 22420, length 19
15:31:26.624305 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 416: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 398)
    10.168.0.1.67 > 10.168.0.11.68: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 370, xid 0x32cc, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
     Your-IP 10.168.0.11
     Server-IP 10.168.0.1
     Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
     sname "10.168.0.1"
     file "macnbi-i386/booter"
     Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
       Magic Cookie 0x63825363
       DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
       Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.168.0.1
       Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 86400
       Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.0.0
       Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 10.168.0.1
       RP Option 17, length 76: "http://10.0.128.1/Netboot/NetBootSP0/NetRestore.nbi/NetInstall-Restore.dmg"
       Vendor-Option Option 43, length 6: 8.4.129.0.0.103
       Vendor-Class Option 60, length 14: "AAPLBSDPC/i386"
       END Option 255, length 0
15:31:27.301638 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x0, ttl 127, id 1532, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 39)
    10.0.178.10 > 10.0.128.63: ICMP echo request, id 512, seq 22676, length 19
15:31:28.387589 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 590: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 29575, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 576)
    0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 548, xid 0x32cc, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
     Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
     Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
       Magic Cookie 0x63825363
       DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
       Parameter-Request Option 55, length 5: 
         Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, BF, Vendor-Option
         Vendor-Class
       Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
       Vendor-Class Option 60, length 28: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/MacBookPro5,3"
       Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 10.168.0.11
       Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.168.0.1
       Vendor-Option Option 43, length 4: 2.2.1.1
       END Option 255, length 0
       PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 240
15:31:28.802414 00:24:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 346: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 19737, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    10.0.129.254.67 > 10.0.128.63.68: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x32cc, Flags [none] (0x0000)
     Your-IP 10.0.128.63
     Server-IP 10.0.178.10
     Gateway-IP 10.0.129.254
     Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
     Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
       Magic Cookie 0x63825363
       DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
       Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.254.0
       RN Option 58, length 4: 1296000
       RB Option 59, length 4: 2268000
       Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 2592000
       Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.0.178.10
       Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 10.0.129.254
       END Option 255, length 0
       PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 20
15:31:28.899055 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 392: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 374)
    10.168.0.1.67 > 10.168.0.11.68: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 346, xid 0x32cc, secs 5, Flags [none] (0x0000)
     Your-IP 10.168.0.11
     Server-IP 10.168.0.1
     Client-Ethernet-Address 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx
     sname "10.168.0.1"
     file "macnbi-i386/booter"
     Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
       Magic Cookie 0x63825363
       DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
       Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 10.168.0.1
       Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 86400
       Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.0.0
       Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 10.168.0.1
       RP Option 17, length 76: "http://10.0.128.1/Netboot/NetBootSP0/NetRestore.nbi/NetInstall-Restore.dmg"
       END Option 255, length 0
15:31:28.899058 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.168.0.11 tell 0.0.0.0, length 46
15:31:29.398941 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.168.0.11 tell 10.168.0.11, length 46
15:31:29.899254 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.168.0.1 tell 10.168.0.11, length 46
15:31:29.899257 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 10.168.0.1 is-at 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 46
15:31:29.899259 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 89: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 38655, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 75)
    10.168.0.11.17638 > 10.168.0.1.69: [udp sum ok]  47 RRQ "macnbi-i386/booter" octet blksize 512 tsize 0 
15:31:29.899924 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 73: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype IPv4, (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 25574, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 55)
    10.168.0.1.43349 > 10.168.0.11.17638: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 27
15:31:29.900216 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx > 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 60: (tos 0x0, ttl 16, id 59278, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 33)
    10.168.0.11.17638 > 10.168.0.1.43349: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 5
15:31:34.900598 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.168.0.11 tell 10.168.0.1, length 46
15:31:35.900833 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.168.0.11 tell 10.168.0.1, length 46
15:31:36.901071 00:1e:xx:xx:xx:xx > 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 64: vlan 1, p 0, ethertype ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.168.0.11 tell 10.168.0.1, length 46

看到这个日志你有什么想法？

编辑/更新：

我刚刚添加了更多选项，因此我的本地 DHCP 选项计数为 11，而全局 DHCP 选项计数为 9。它仍然无法从我的本地 DHCP 服务器获取 IP 地址。不知道我能做什么，我不应该每次需要 NetBoot 时都释放 IP。

所以看起来它会接受第一个 DHCP 提议，是否有确保本地 DHCP 服务器首先响应？

你有什么见解可以和我们分享吗？

mac-osx dhcp netboot netrestore

2 个回答

  1. 这些看起来像是来自本地 DHCP 服务器的日志，对吗？如果是这样，那么查看实际的数据包跟踪*以了解实际情况会很有趣。可能是客户端根本没有“存储”租约；它可能已经从全局 DHCP 服务器获得了一个提议，并选择了它。

    我知道 Mac OS X 的 DHCP 客户端，当出现来自多个服务器的多个 DHCP 提供时，倾向于选择其中定义了更多 DHCP 选项的那个。（这通常是一个很好的启发式方法，用于选择站点的“真实”DHCP 服务器，而不是被同一网络上的意外流氓 DHCP 服务器所愚弄——当有人不小心在机器上启用 DHCP 服务时，他们通常不会花时间将其配置为包含一堆 DHCP 选项。）但是，我不知道 Mac 的 EFI bootrom 中的 DHCP 客户端在提供多个优惠时会做什么。我怀疑 EFI DHCP 客户端（ROM 中的 DHCP 客户端）与 Mac OS X DHCP 客户端（磁盘上的 DHCP 客户端）完全相似。

    如果事实证明 EFI DHCP 客户端是根据 DHCP 选项的数量进行选择的，您可以通过在 DHCP 服务器上填充一堆选项来解决此问题，例如告诉客户端 WINS 服务器和 NTP 服务器以及 LDAP 服务器和任何其他使用。您可能可以浏览已注册的 DHCP 选项列表并配置您的 DHCP 服务器以提供一堆看起来不会受到伤害的东西。

    如果确实证明客户端将 DHCP 租约存储在 NVRAM 中，您应该能够通过在启动时按住 Cmd-Opt-PR 直到听到第二次启动提示音来清除 NVRAM。（这是旧的“Zap the PRAM”键组合，过去在 80 年代和 90 年代的 Mac 上偶尔需要，但现在几乎从来没有用过，但仍然经常被推荐。然而，在这种情况下，你有一个合理的期望存储在 NVRAM 中的某些内容会给您带来问题，因此这可能是合理的罕见情况之一。）

    *对于数据包跟踪，我建议在连接到交换机端口的独立机器上执行类似的操作，该交换机端口配置为对 netboot 客户端的交换机端口进行端口镜像：

    sudo tcpdump -i en0 -nevvvs0 '(udp port bootpc) or icmp or arp'

    或者可能：

    sudo tcpdump -i en0 -nevvvs0 ether host $MACOfEn0

    （其中 '$MACOfEn0' 是 netboot 客户端的 en0 的 MAC 地址，或者您正在尝试执行此 netboot 的任何接口）

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  2. 你能把这些 MAC 放到他们自己的网络中，用路由器将 10.168 地址路由到全球网络吗？然后路由器将限制 DHCP 请求的传递。

    选项 2：使用 DHCP 服务器将 MAC 放入自己的 VLAN。

    使用不会响应某些配置的 MAC 地址的 DHCP 服务器。如果有这样的事情。如果它还没有，您可能会修补 linux dhcp 服务器以支持此功能。对于普通程序员来说，添加它并不难。

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