我在远程服务器场中有一个很旧的盒子。所以我没有直接访问权限。仅远程 SSH（并通过 SSH 连接到串行控制台）。我已经很久没有更新这个盒子了。现在，每当我想安装一个新包时，就会出现对 glibc 的依赖。不幸的是，glibc 的安装依赖于 2.6 内核，而我正在运行一个古老的 2.4 内核（升级的另一个原因）。
问题是，新内核的安装对 glibc 有间接（通过语言环境）依赖。所以，要安装 glibc，我需要一个新内核。对于新内核，我需要升级 glibc。基本上我被阻止了。考虑到我没有“硬件”访问权限，最好的方法是什么？
以下是升级过程的快速记录：
[green:~]% sudo aptitude install linux-image-686
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Reading task descriptions... Done
The following packages are unused and will be REMOVED:
gcc-4.3-base
The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686
linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 module-init-tools yaird
The following packages have been kept back:
adduser apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common apt
apt-utils aptitude autoconf autotools-dev awstats base-files base-passwd
[...snip...]
util-linux vacation vim vim-common wamerican wbritish wget whiptail whois
wwwconfig-common zlib1g
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686
linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 linux-image-686 module-init-tools yaird
The following packages will be upgraded:
hotplug libc6
2 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 1 to remove and 277 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/22.7MB of archives. After unpacking 52.1MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]
Writing extended state information... Done
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 34065 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc6 2.3.6.ds1-13 (using .../libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb) ...
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
WARNING: init script for postgresql not found.
[ --- libc6 config screen appears here --- ]
WARNING: POSIX threads library NPTL requires kernel version
2.6.8 or later. If you use a kernel 2.4, please upgrade it
before installing glibc.
The installation of a 2.6 kernel _could_ ask you to install a new libc
first, this is NOT a bug, and should *NOT* be reported. In that case,
please add etch sources to your /etc/apt/sources.list and run:
apt-get install -t etch linux-image-2.6
Then reboot into this new kernel, and proceed with your upgrade
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb (--unpack):
subprocess pre-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Ack! Something bad happened while installing packages. Trying to recover:
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of locales:
locales depends on glibc-2.7-1; however:
Package glibc-2.7-1 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing locales (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
locales
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Reading task descriptions... Done
现在，如果我按照提示进行操作，我会得到以下信息。请注意，我使用aptitude而不是apt-get从更好的依赖跟踪中受益。我确实尝试过apt-get。但这让我遇到了同样的问题。
[green:~]% sudo aptitude install -t etch linux-image-2.6.26-2-686
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Reading task descriptions... Done
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies, some packages cannot be installed
E: Unable to resolve some dependencies!
Some packages had unmet dependencies. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
linux-image-2.6.26-2-686: Depends: initramfs-tools (>= 0.55) but it is not installable or
yaird (>= 0.0.13) but it is not installable or
linux-initramfs-tool which is a virtual package.
有任何想法吗？
在主题中，您说机器正在运行 Debian 3.1 (Sarge)。但是，您发布的 glibc 依赖项和错误消息表明您正在尝试从 Debian 5.0 (Lenny) 安装软件包。这可能意味着您的
/etc/apt/sources.list文件引用stable而不是sarge（即您正在从当前最新的稳定版本中获取软件包，而不是您已安装的版本）。尝试编辑
/etc/apt/sources.list，将所有对 的引用替换stable为sarge。例如，像这样的一行：deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ stable main non-free contrib应该变成：
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ sarge main non-free contrib运行
aptitude update，然后您应该能够从 sarge 升级到最新的软件包。然而，Sarge 在 2008 年 3 月 31 日被取消支持，所以最好将机器升级到 Lenny。由于 Lenny 是自 Sarge 以来发布的第二个主要版本，因此首先升级到中间版本 Etch 可能更容易。请查看Etch和Lenny发行说明的第 4 部分，了解如何执行此操作的详细信息。在开始之前确保您有一个可行的备份也是值得的，以防万一出现问题。
我有一个想法，但它可能会导致包损坏，所以先备份，或者在其他机器上尝试：
dpkg您可以使用选项安装软件包--force-depends，这会将所有依赖关系问题变成警告。我用它来安装打印机驱动程序，它工作得很好——因为从技术上讲，一切都安装正确。唯一的问题是，该 aptitude 之后报告了损坏的包裹。我不知道如何修复它们（打印机驱动程序并不重要，无法投入大量时间，所以我只是将其卸载）。