如何使用卷影复制进行备份

因此，本着重新发明轮子的精神，我向您展示了 Tomalak 的出色脚本（见上文），但完全用Powershell重写！我这样做的主要原因是宣传 Powershell 的强大功能，但也因为我整个人都鄙视 vbscript。

它主要是功能相同的功能，但由于各种原因，我确实实现了一些不同的东西。调试输出肯定更详细。

需要注意的一件非常重要的事情是，此版本会检测操作系统版本和位数，并调用适当版本的 vshadow.exe。我在下面提供了一个图表，以显示要使用的 vshadow.exe 版本、获取它们的位置以及命名它们的名称。

以下是使用信息：

VssSnapshot.ps1

Description:
  Create, mount or delete a Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) Shadow Copy (snapshot)

Usage:
  VssSnapshot.ps1 Create -Target <Path> -Volume <Volume> [-Debug]
  VssSnapshot.ps1 Delete -Target <Path> [-Debug]

Paremeters:
  Create  - Create a snapshot for the specified volume and mount it at the specified target
  Delete  - Unmount and delete the snapshot mounted at the specified target
  -Target - The path (quoted string) of the snapshot mount point
  -Volume - The volume (drive letter) to snapshot
  -Debug  - Enable debug output (optional)

Examples:
  VssSnapshot.ps1 Create -Target D:\Backup\DriveC -Volume C
  - Create a snapshot of volume C and mount it at "D:\Backup\DriveC"

  VssSnapshot.ps1 Delete -Target D:\Backup\DriveC
  - Unmount and delete a snapshot mounted at "D:\Backup\DriveC"

Advanced:
  VssSnapshot.ps1 create -t "c:\vss mount\c" -v C -d
  - Create a snapshot of volume C and mount it at "C:\Vss Mount\C"
  - example mounts snapshot on source volume (C: --> C:)
  - example uses shortform parameter names
  - example uses quoted paths with whitespace
  - example includes debug output

这是脚本：

# VssSnapshot.ps1
# http://serverfault.com/questions/119120/how-to-use-a-volume-shadow-copy-to-make-backups/119592#119592

Param ([String]$Action, [String]$Target, [String]$Volume, [Switch]$Debug)
$ScriptCommandLine = $MyInvocation.Line
$vshadowPath = "."

# Functions
Function Check-Environment {
  Write-Dbg "Checking environment..."

  $UsageMsg = @'
VssSnapshot

Description:
  Create, mount or delete a Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) Shadow Copy (snapshot)

Usage:
  VssSnapshot.ps1 Create -Target <Path> -Volume <Volume> [-Debug]
  VssSnapshot.ps1 Delete -Target <Path> [-Debug]

Paremeters:
  Create  - Create a snapshot for the specified volume and mount it at the specified target
  Delete  - Unmount and delete the snapshot mounted at the specified target
  -Target - The path (quoted string) of the snapshot mount point
  -Volume - The volume (drive letter) to snapshot
  -Debug  - Enable debug output (optional)

Examples:
  VssSnapshot.ps1 Create -Target D:\Backup\DriveC -Volume C
  - Create a snapshot of volume C and mount it at "D:\Backup\DriveC"

  VssSnapshot.ps1 Delete -Target D:\Backup\DriveC
  - Unmount and delete a snapshot mounted at "D:\Backup\DriveC"

Advanced:
  VssSnapshot.ps1 create -t "c:\vss mount\c" -v C -d
  - Create a snapshot of volume C and mount it at "C:\Vss Mount\C"
  - example mounts snapshot on source volume (C: --> C:)
  - example uses shortform parameter names
  - example uses quoted paths with whitespace
  - example includes debug output
'@

  If ($Action -eq "Create" -And ($Target -And $Volume)) {
    $Script:Volume = (Get-PSDrive | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq ($Volume).Substring(0,1)}).Root
    If ($Volume -ne "") {
      Write-Dbg "Verified volume: $Volume"
    } Else {
      Write-Dbg "Cannot find the specified volume"
      Exit-Script "Cannot find the specified volume"
    }
    Write-Dbg "Argument check passed"
  } ElseIf ($Action -eq "Delete" -And $Target ) {
    Write-Dbg "Argument check passed"
  } Else {
    Write-Dbg "Invalid arguments: $ScriptCommandLine"
    Exit-Script "Invalid arguments`n`n$UsageMsg"
  }


  $WinVer = ((Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem).Version).Substring(0,3)
    Switch ($WinVer) {
    "5.2" {
      $vshadowExe = "vshadow_2003"
      $WinBit = ((Get-WmiObject Win32_Processor)[0]).AddressWidth
    }
    "6.0" {
      $vshadowExe = "vshadow_2008"
      $WinBit = (Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSArchitecture
    }
    "6.1" {
      $vshadowExe = "vshadow_2008R2"
      $WinBit = (Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSArchitecture
    }
    Default {
      Write-Dbg "Unable to determine OS version"
      Exit-Script "Unable to determine OS version"
    }
  }

  Switch ($WinBit) {
    {($_ -eq "32") -or ($_ -eq "32-bit")} {$vshadowExe += "_x86.exe"}
    {($_ -eq "64") -or ($_ -eq "64-bit")} {$vshadowExe += "_x64.exe"}
    Default {
      Write-Dbg "Unable to determine OS bitness"
      Exit-Script "Unable to determine OS bitness"
    }
  }

  $Script:vshadowExePath = Join-Path $vshadowPath $vshadowExe
  If (Test-Path $vshadowExePath) {
    Write-Dbg "Verified vshadow.exe: $vshadowExePath"
  } Else {
    Write-Dbg "Cannot find vshadow.exe: $vshadowExePath"
    Exit-Script "Cannot find vshadow.exe"
  }

  Write-Dbg "Environment ready"
}

Function Prepare-Target {
  Write-Log "Preparing target..."
  Write-Dbg "Preparing target $Target"


  If (!(Test-Path (Split-Path $Target -Parent))) {
  Write-Dbg "Target parent does not exist"
  Exit-Script "Invalid target $Target"
  }
  If ((Test-Path $Target)) {
    Write-Dbg "Target already exists"
    If (@(Get-ChildItem $Target).Count -eq 0) {
      Write-Dbg "Target is empty"
    } Else {
      Write-Dbg "Target is not empty"
      Exit-Script "Target contains files/folders"
    }
  } Else {
    Write-Dbg "Target does not exist. Prompting user..."
    $PromptYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Create target folder"
    $PromptNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Do not create target folder"
    $PromptOptions = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($PromptYes, $PromptNo)
    $PromptResult = $Host.UI.PromptForChoice("Create folder", "The target folder `"$target`" does not exist.`nWould you like to create the folder?", $PromptOptions, 0) 
    Switch ($PromptResult) {
      0 {
        Write-Dbg "User Accepted. Creating target..."
        $Null = New-Item -Path (Split-Path $Target -Parent) -Name (Split-Path $Target -Leaf) -ItemType "Directory"
      }
      1 {
        Write-Dbg "User declined. Exiting..."
        Exit-Script "Target does not exist"
      }
    }
  }
  Write-Log "Target ""$Target"" ready"
  Write-Dbg """$Target"" ready"
}

Function Create-Snapshot {
  Write-Log "Creating snapshot..."
  Write-Dbg "Creating snapshot of $Volume"
  $Cmd = "$vshadowExePath -p $Volume"
  $CmdResult = Run-Command $Cmd -AsString

  Write-Dbg "Snapshot created successfully"

  $SnapshotID = $CmdResult -Match 'SNAPSHOT ID = (\{[^}]{36}\})'
  If ($SnapshotID) {
    $SnapshotID = $Matches[1]
    Write-Dbg "SnapshotID: $SnapshotID"
    Write-Log "Snapshot $SnapshotID created"
  } Else {
    Write-Dbg "Unable to determine SnapshotID"
    Exit-Script "Unable to determine SnapshotID"
  }

  Return $SnapshotID
}

Function Mount-Snapshot ($SnapshotID) {
  Write-Log "Mounting snapshot..."
  Write-Dbg "Mounting $SnapshotID at ""$Target"""

  $Cmd = "$vshadowExePath `"-el=$SnapshotId,$Target`"" #Must use escaped quotes because Invoke-Expression gets all weird about curly braces
  $CmdResult = Run-Command $Cmd

  Write-Log "Snapshot $SnapshotID mounted at target ""$Target"""
  Write-Dbg "$SnapshotID mounted at ""$Target"""
}

Function Delete-Snapshot {
  Write-Log "Deleting snapshot..."
  Write-Dbg "Deleting snapshot at target ""$Target"""

  $SnapshotID = Get-SnapshotIdbyTarget

  $Cmd = "$vshadowExePath `"-ds=$SnapshotId`""
  $CmdResult = Run-Command $Cmd

  Write-Log "Snapshot $SnapshotID deleted at target ""$Target"""
  Write-Dbg "$SnapshotID deleted at ""$Target"""
}

Function Get-SnapshotIdbyTarget {
  Write-Dbg "Finding SnapshotID for $Target"

  $Cmd = "$vshadowExePath -q"
  $CmdResult = Run-Command $Cmd -AsString

  $TargetRegEx = '(?i)' + $Target.Replace('\','\\') + '\\?\r'
  $Snapshots = ($CmdResult.Split('*')) -Match $TargetRegEx | Out-String

  If ($Snapshots) {
    $Null = $Snapshots -Match '(\{[^}]{36}\})'
    $SnapshotID = $Matches[0]
  } Else {
    Write-Dbg "Unable to determine SnapshotID for target $Target"
    Exit-Script "Unable to determine SnapshotID"
  }  

  Write-Dbg "SnapshotID: $SnapshotID"

  Return $SnapshotID
}

Function Run-Command ([String]$Cmd, [Switch]$AsString=$False, [Switch]$AsArray=$False) {
  Write-Dbg "Running: $Cmd"

  $CmdOutputArray = Invoke-Expression $Cmd
  $CmdOutputString = $CmdOutputArray | Out-String
  $CmdErrorCode = $LASTEXITCODE

  If ($CmdErrorCode -eq 0 ) {
    Write-Dbg "Command successful. Exit code: $CmdErrorCode"
    Write-Dbg $CmdOutputString
  } Else {
    Write-Dbg "Command failed. Exit code: $CmdErrorCode"
    Write-Dbg $CmdOutputString
    Exit-Script "Command failed. Exit code: $CmdErrorCode"
  }

  If (!($AsString -or $AsArray)) {
    Return $CmdErrorCode
  } ElseIf ($AsString) {
    Return $CmdOutputString
  } ElseIf ($AsArray) {
    Return $CmdOutputArray
  }
}

Function Write-Msg ([String]$Message) {
  If ($Message -ne "") {
    Write-Host $Message
  }
}

Function Write-Log ([String]$Message) {
  Write-Msg "[$(Get-Date -Format G)] $Message"
}

Function Write-Dbg ([String]$Message) {
  If ($Debug) {
    Write-Msg ("-" * 80)
    Write-Msg "[DEBUG] $Message"
    Write-Msg ("-" * 80)
  }
}

Function Exit-Script ([String]$Message) {
  If ($Message -ne "") {
    Write-Msg "`n[FATAL ERROR] $Message`n"
  }
  Exit 1
}

# Main
Write-Log "VssSnapshot started"
Check-Environment

Switch ($Action) {
  "Create" {
    Prepare-Target
    $SnapshotID = Create-Snapshot
    Mount-Snapshot $SnapshotID
  }
  "Delete" {
    Delete-Snapshot
  }
}

Write-Log "VssSnapshot finished"

以下是要使用的 vshadow.exe 版本：

1. 视窗 2003/2003R2
   • 卷影复制服务 SDK 7.2
   • x86: C:\Program Files\Microsoft\VSSSDK72\TestApps\vshadow\bin\release-server\vshadow.exe
     • 重命名为：vshadow_2003_x86.exe
   • x64：我无法找到适用于 Windows 2003 x64 的 x64 版本的 vshadow.exe
2. 视窗 2008
   • 适用于 Windows Server 2008 和 .NET Framework 3.5 的 Windows SDK
   • x86: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.1\Bin\vsstools\vshadow.exe
     • 重命名为：vshadow_2008_x86.exe
   • x64: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.1\Bin\x64\vsstools\vshadow.exe
     • 重命名为：vshadow_2008_x64.exe
3. 视窗 2008R2
   • 适用于 Windows 7 和 .NET Framework 4 的 Microsoft Windows SDK
   • x86: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Bin\vsstools\vshadow.exe
     • 重命名为：vshadow_2008R2_x86.exe
   • x64: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Bin\x64\vsstools\vshadow.exe
     • 重命名为：vshadow_2008R2_x64.exe

所以……我一直在研究一个小的 VBScript，它可以：

• 拍摄持久的 VSS 快照
• 将它们挂载到一个文件夹（然后您可以从中备份文件）
• 卸载 VSS 快照

它依赖于vshadow.exe（文档），它是Microsoft 提供的Volume Shadow Copy Service SDK 7.2的一部分。我一直在使用这个版本：“ VSHADOW.EXE 2.2 - 卷影复制示例客户端，版权所有 (C) 2005 Microsoft Corporation。 ”

基本上，它是对这四个 vshadow 命令的一个简洁的包装：

vshadow.exe -q - 列出系统中的所有卷影副本
vshadow.exe -p {volume list} - 管理持久的卷影副本
vshadow.exe -el={SnapID},dir - 将卷影副本公开为挂载点
vshadow.exe -ds={SnapID} - 删除这个卷影副本

这是它的帮助屏幕：

VSS 快照创建/安装工具

用法：
cscript /nologo VssSnapshot.vbs /target:path { /volume:X | /卸载} [/调试]

/volume - 要快照的卷的驱动器号
/target - 将快照挂载到的路径（绝对或相对）
/debug - 切换调试输出

例子：
cscript /nologo VssSnapshot.vbs /target:C:\Backup\DriveD /volume:D
cscript /nologo VssSnapshot.vbs /target:C:\Backup\DriveD /unmount

提示：在拍摄新快照之前无需卸载。

这里有一些示例输出：

C:\VssSnapshot>cscript /nologo VssSnapshot.vbs /target:MountPoints\E /volume:E
05/03/2010 17:13:04 准备 VSS 挂载点...
05/03/2010 17:13:04 挂载点准备在：C:\VssSnapshot\MountPoints\E
05/03/2010 17:13:04 为卷创建 VSS 快照：E
2010 年 5 月 3 日 17:13:08 使用 ID 创建快照：{4ed3a907-c66f-4b20-bda0-9dcda3b667ec}
05/03/2010 17:13:08 VSS 快照挂载成功
05/03/2010 17:13:08 完成

C:\VssSnapshot>cscript /nologo VssSnapshot.vbs /target:MountPoints\E /unmount
05/03/2010 17:13:35 准备 VSS 挂载点...
05/03/2010 17:13:36 无事可做
05/03/2010 17:13:36 完成

这是脚本本身。通常的免责声明适用：软件按原样提供，我不做任何保证，使用风险自负，如果出现问题，唯一的责任就是你自己。不过，我已经对其进行了非常彻底的测试，并且对我来说效果很好。随时通过下面的评论通知我任何错误。

''# VssSnapshot.vbs
''# http://serverfault.com/questions/119120/how-to-use-a-volume-shadow-copy-to-make-backups/119592#119592
Option Explicit

Dim fso: Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

''# -- MAIN SCRIPT -------------------------------------------
Dim args, snapshotId, targetPath, success
Set args = WScript.Arguments.Named
CheckEnvironment

Log "preparing VSS mount point..."
targetPath = PrepareVssMountPoint(args("target"))

If args.Exists("unmount") Then
  Log "nothing else to do"
ElseIf targetPath <> vbEmpty Then
  Log "mount point prepared at: " & targetPath
  Log "creating VSS snapshot for volume: " & args("volume")
  snapshotId = CreateVssSnapshot(args("volume"))

  If snapshotId <> vbEmpty Then
    Log "snapshot created with ID: " & snapshotId
    success = MountVssSnapshot(snapshotId, targetPath)
    If success Then
      Log "VSS snapshot mounted sucessfully"
    Else
      Die "failed to mount snapshot"
    End If
  Else
    Die "failed to create snapshot"
  End If
Else
  Die "failed to prepare mount point"
End If

Log "finished"

''# -- FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------------
Function PrepareVssMountPoint(target) ''# As String
  Dim cmd, result, outArray
  Dim path, snapshot, snapshotId
  Dim re, matches, match

  PrepareVssMountPoint = VbEmpty
  target = fso.GetAbsolutePathName(target)

  If Not fso.FolderExists(fso.GetParentFolderName(target)) Then 
    Die "Invalid mount point: " & target
  End If

  ''# create or unmount (=delete existing snapshot) mountpoint
  If Not fso.FolderExists(target) Then
    If Not args.Exists("unmount") Then fso.CreateFolder target
  Else
    Set re = New RegExp
    re.MultiLine = False
    re.Pattern = "- Exposed locally as: ([^\r\n]*)"

    cmd = "vshadow -q"
    result = RunCommand(cmd, false)
    outarray = Split(result, "*")

    For Each snapshot In outArray
      snapshotId = ParseSnapshotId(snapshot)
      If snapshotId <> vbEmpty Then
        Set matches = re.Execute(snapshot)
        If matches.Count = 1 Then
          path = Trim(matches(0).SubMatches(0))
          If fso.GetAbsolutePathName(path) = target Then
            cmd = "vshadow -ds=" & snapshotId
            RunCommand cmd, true
            Exit For
          End If
        End If
      End If
    Next

    If args.Exists("unmount") Then fso.DeleteFolder target
  End If

  PrepareVssMountPoint = target
End Function

Function CreateVssSnapshot(volume) ''# As String
  Dim cmd, result

  If Not fso.DriveExists(volume) Then
    Die "Drive " & volume & " does not exist."
  End If

  cmd = "vshadow -p " & Replace(UCase(volume), ":", "") & ":"
  result = RunCommand(cmd, false)
  CreateVssSnapshot = ParseSnapshotId(result)
End Function

Function MountVssSnapshot(snapshotId, target) ''# As Boolean
  Dim cmd, result

  If fso.FolderExists(targetPath) Then
    cmd = "vshadow -el=" & snapshotId & "," & targetPath
    result = RunCommand(cmd, true)
  Else
    Die "Mountpoint does not exist: " & target
  End If

  MountVssSnapshot = (result = "0")
End Function

Function ParseSnapshotId(output) ''# As String
  Dim re, matches, match

  Set re = New RegExp
  re.Pattern = "SNAPSHOT ID = (\{[^}]{36}\})"
  Set matches = re.Execute(output)

  If matches.Count = 1 Then
    ParseSnapshotId = matches(0).SubMatches(0)
  Else
    ParseSnapshotId = vbEmpty
  End If
End Function

Function RunCommand(cmd, exitCodeOnly) ''# As String
  Dim shell, process, output

  Dbg "Running: " & cmd

  Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

  On Error Resume Next
  Set process = Shell.Exec(cmd)
  If Err.Number <> 0 Then
    Die Hex(Err.Number) & " - " & Err.Description
  End If
  On Error GoTo 0

  Do While process.Status = 0
    WScript.Sleep 100
  Loop
  output = Process.StdOut.ReadAll

  If process.ExitCode = 0 Then 
    Dbg "OK"
    Dbg output
  Else
    Dbg "Failed with ERRORLEVEL " & process.ExitCode
    Dbg output
    If Not process.StdErr.AtEndOfStream Then 
      Dbg process.StdErr.ReadAll
    End If
  End If  

  If exitCodeOnly Then
    Runcommand = process.ExitCode
  Else
    RunCommand = output
  End If
End Function

Sub CheckEnvironment
  Dim argsOk

  If LCase(fso.GetFileName(WScript.FullName)) <> "cscript.exe" Then
    Say "Please execute me on the command line via cscript.exe!"
    Die ""
  End If

  argsOk = args.Exists("target")
  argsOk = argsOk And (args.Exists("volume") Or args.Exists("unmount"))

  If Not argsOk Then
    Say "VSS Snapshot Create/Mount Tool" & vbNewLine & _
        vbNewLine & _
        "Usage: " & vbNewLine & _
        "cscript /nologo " & fso.GetFileName(WScript.ScriptFullName) & _
          " /target:path { /volume:X | /unmount } [/debug]" & _
        vbNewLine & vbNewLine & _
        "/volume  - drive letter of the volume to snapshot" & _
        vbNewLine & _
        "/target  - the path (absolute or relative) to mount the snapshot to" & _
        vbNewLine & _
        "/debug   - swich on debug output" & _
        vbNewLine & vbNewLine & _
        "Examples: " & vbNewLine & _
        "cscript /nologo " & fso.GetFileName(WScript.ScriptFullName) & _
          " /target:C:\Backup\DriveD /volume:D" &  vbNewLine & _
        "cscript /nologo " & fso.GetFileName(WScript.ScriptFullName) & _
          " /target:C:\Backup\DriveD /unmount" & _
        vbNewLine & vbNewLine & _
        "Hint: No need to unmount before taking a new snapshot." & vbNewLine

    Die ""
  End If
End Sub

Sub Say(message)
  If message <> "" Then WScript.Echo message
End Sub

Sub Log(message)
  Say FormatDateTime(Now()) & " " & message
End Sub

Sub Dbg(message)
  If args.Exists("debug") Then 
    Say String(75, "-")
    Say "DEBUG: " & message
  End If
End Sub

Sub Die(message)
  If message <> "" Then Say "FATAL ERROR: " & message
  WScript.Quit 1
End Sub

我希望这对某人有所帮助。随意按照cc-by-sa使用它。我只要求您保留指向此处的链接完好无损。

1. 使用该命令vssadmin list shadows列出所有可用的卷影副本。你会得到这样的输出......

C:\> vssadmin 列表阴影
vssadmin 1.1 - 卷影复制服务管理命令行工具
(C) 版权所有 2001 微软公司。

卷影副本集 ID 的内容：{b6f6fb45-bedd-4b77-8f51-14292ee921f3}
   在创建时包含 1 个卷影副本：9/25/2016 12:14:23 PM
      卷影副本 ID：{321930d4-0442-4cc6-b2aa-ec47f21d0eb1}
         原始卷：(C:)\\?\Volume{ad1dd231-1200-11de-b1df-806e6f6e6963}\
         卷影复制卷：\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy68
         发起机器：joshweb.josh.com
         服务机器：joshweb.josh.com
         提供者：“Microsoft 软件卷影复制提供者 1.0”
         类型：客户端可访问
         属性：持久、客户端可访问、无自动发布、无写入器、差异化

卷影副本集 ID 的内容：{c4fd8646-57b3-4b39-be75-47dc8e7f881d}
   创建时包含 1 个卷影副本：2016 年 8 月 25 日上午 7:00:18
      卷影副本 ID：{fa5da100-5d90-493c-89b1-5c27874a23c6}
         原始卷：(E:)\\?\Volume{4ec17949-12b6-11de-8872-00235428b661}\
         卷影复制卷：\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy3
         发起机器：joshweb.josh.com
         服务机器：joshweb.josh.com
         提供者：“Microsoft 软件卷影复制提供者 1.0”
         类型：客户端可访问
         属性：持久、客户端可访问、无自动发布、无写入器、差异化

C：\

2. 记下Shadow Copy Volume您想要的卷影副本的名称（对剪贴板最简单）。

3. 挂载卷影副本

在 Windows 2003...

如果您还没有2003 的资源工具包工具，则需要下载它。

输入命令...

链接 c:\shadow \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy69\

... wherec:\shadow是您希望显示卷影副本的路径，并且\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy69是您在上面复制的名称。请注意，您必须在卷影副本名称的末尾添加反斜杠！

在 Windows 2008 及更高版本上...

输入命令...

mklink c:\shadow \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy69\

... wherec:\shadow是您希望显示卷影副本的路径，并且\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy69是您在上面复制的名称。请注意，您必须在卷影副本名称的末尾添加反斜杠！

3. 使用您想要的任何工具（包括 Windows 资源管理器或XCOPY）从c:\shadow.

您误解了 VSS 如何与文件系统一起工作（它与数据库的工作方式完全不同）。在文件系统上，VSS 用于实现“以前的版本”功能，该功能仅用于在预定义的时间点对文件和文件夹的更改进行快照，以便通过客户端中的“以前的版本”选项卡进行恢复。然后，这些更改将与卷上的数据合并以构建恢复集。因此，它依赖于仍然存在的原始卷才能执行恢复，换句话说，这对于正确的备份和恢复是无用的。

我认为你需要从你想要做的事情中退后一步，重新思考你想要做什么。

350 GB 的数据实际上并不算多，我敢打赌，每天被积极使用的数据的百分比非常低。您是否考虑过仅在周末使用完整备份进行夜间差异备份？或者使用预定的 DFS 复制到备用存储以获得“快照”（然后备份）？

希望这是你想要的：

diskshadow -s vssbackup.cfg

vssbackup.cfg：

set context persistent
set metadata E:\backup\result.cab
set verbose on
begin backup
     add volume C: alias ConfigVolume
     create
     EXPOSE %ConfigVolume% Y:
     # Y is your VSS drive
     # run your backup script here
     delete shadows exposed Y:
end backup

使用 VSS API，可以拍摄卷的“快照”。然后，您必须挂载该快照才能从中复制。我熟悉一个现在已经死掉的产品，它使用这种技术来复制数据，尽管文件是由实时文件系统中的其他进程专门打开的。如果 VSS 快照中的文件是由未与 VSS API 集成的应用程序编写的，则可能会提出有关 VSS 快照中的文件是否自洽的有效问题。可能还有其他产品提供类似的功能。

简短的回答：你不能。

稍微长一点的答案：卷影复制服务可以通过其 API 以编程方式使用，以允许备份打开的文件，但该服务不会创建系统的完整快照，只会创建部分快照。