MIT Kerberos 幂等 Keytab 合并

据我所知，不是。MIT Krb5 还附带了k5srvutil脚本，该脚本依赖于kadmin非交互式ktrem子命令来删除被取代的密钥（那些 kvno 早于最新的密钥），但这就是它的全部功能。

我认为合并密钥表首先就不是正确的做法——与其把所有内容都放在“机器”密钥表中（因此必须授予所有服务对密钥表的访问权限），你最多应该在其中放置host/*和nfs/*，而其他所有内容都应该使用不同的密钥表文件。（不支持本机指定密钥表的服务通常会KRB5_KTNAME=通过环境支持。）

这样，keytab 的部署就会变得像覆盖整个文件一样简单。

在我自己的项目（特别是在尝试通过 kadmin 幂等请求密钥的工具中ktadd）中，我通过 Python 解析密钥表以确定它是否已经具有即将添加的主体的密钥。这是一个起点：

# binary_io.py (not the tidiest class, merely something I'd been carrying
# around in various different projects over the years)
import io
import struct

class StreamWrapper():
    def __init__(self, fh=b""):
        if isinstance(fh, bytes) or isinstance(fh, bytearray):
            self.fh = io.BytesIO(fh)
        elif hasattr(fh, "makefile"):
            self.fh = fh.makefile("rwb")
        else:
            self.fh = fh

    def seek(self, pos, whence=0):
        return self.fh.seek(pos, whence)

    def tell(self):
        return self.fh.tell()

    def read(self, length):
        buf = self.fh.read(length)
        if len(buf) < length:
            if len(buf) == 0:
                raise EOFError("Hit EOF after %d/%d bytes" % (len(buf), length))
            else:
                raise IOError("Hit EOF after %d/%d bytes" % (len(buf), length))
        return buf

    def write(self, buf):
        return self.fh.write(buf)

    def flush(self):
        return self.fh.flush()

class BinaryReader(StreamWrapper):
    def _read_fmt(self, length, fmt):
        data, = struct.unpack(fmt, self.read(length))
        return data

    def read_u8(self):
        return self._read_fmt(1, "B")

    def read_u16_le(self):
        return self._read_fmt(2, "<H")

    def read_u16_be(self):
        return self._read_fmt(2, ">H")

    def read_u32_le(self):
        return self._read_fmt(4, "<L")

    def read_u32_be(self):
        return self._read_fmt(4, ">L")

    def read_u64_le(self):
        return self._read_fmt(8, "<Q")

    def read_u64_be(self):
        return self._read_fmt(8, ">Q")

class BinaryWriter(StreamWrapper):
    def _write_fmt(self, fmt, *args):
        return self.write(struct.pack(fmt, *args))

    def write_u8(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt("B", val)

    def write_u16_le(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt("<H", val)

    def write_u16_be(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt(">H", val)

    def write_u32_le(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt("<L", val)

    def write_u32_be(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt(">L", val)

    def write_u64_le(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt("<Q", val)

    def write_u64_be(self, val):
        return self._write_fmt(">Q", val)

class BinaryStream(BinaryReader, BinaryWriter):
    pass

# -----
# kerberos.py

from dataclasses import dataclass

# Format documentation:
#   https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-latest/doc/formats/keytab_file_format.html
#   https://www.gnu.org/software/shishi/manual/html_node/The-Keytab-Binary-File-Format.html

# The default name type
KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL = 1

@dataclass
class Principal:
    nametype: int
    components: list[bytes]
    realm: bytes

    def unparse(self):
        # Mostly but not 100% correct
        sz = [s.replace(b"/", b"\\/") for s in self.components]
        sz = b"@".join([b"/".join(self.components), self.realm])
        return sz.decode()

@dataclass
class KeytabEntry:
    principal: Principal
    timestamp: int
    kvno: int
    enctype: int
    keydata: bytes

class KrbBinaryReader(BinaryReader):
    # Turns out *nothing* is common between the two formats. Principals have
    # their name_type in a different place. Even 'data' has a 32-bit length in
    # ccache and 16-bit length in keytab.

    uses_native_endian = True

    def read_u16(self):
        if self.uses_native_endian:
            return self._read_fmt(2, "=H")
        else:
            return self.read_u16_be()

    def read_u32(self):
        if self.uses_native_endian:
            return self._read_fmt(4, "=L")
        else:
            return self.read_u32_be()

    def read_s32(self):
        if self.uses_native_endian:
            return self._read_fmt(4, "=l")
        else:
            return self._read_fmt(4, ">l")

    def read_time(self):
        return self.read_u32()

    def tell_eof(self):
        start_pos = self.tell()
        self.seek(0, 2)
        end_pos = self.tell()
        self.seek(start_pos)
        return end_pos

class KeytabReader(KrbBinaryReader):
    version = None

    def read_data(self):
        length = self.read_u16()
        value = self.read(length)
        return value

    def read_principal(self):
        n_components = self.read_u16()
        if self.version == 1:
            n_components -= 1
        realm = self.read_data()
        components = []
        for i in range(n_components):
            components.append(self.read_data())
        name_type = KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL
        if self.version >= 2:
            name_type = self.read_u32()
        return Principal(name_type, components, realm)

    def read_entry(self, size):
        end_pos = self.tell() + size
        principal = self.read_principal()
        timestamp = self.read_time()
        kvno = self.read_u8()
        enctype = self.read_u16()
        keydata = self.read_data()
        if end_pos - self.tell() >= 4:
            kvno = self.read_u32()
        # Skip to end of slot
        self.seek(end_pos)
        return KeytabEntry(principal, timestamp, kvno, enctype, keydata)

    def read_keytab(self):
        major = self.read_u8()
        if major != 5:
            raise IOError("Keytab major version not recognized")
        minor = self.read_u8()
        if not (1 <= minor <= 2):
            raise IOError("Keytab minor version not recognized")
        self.version = minor
        self.uses_native_endian = (self.version == 1)
        end_pos = self.tell_eof()
        while self.tell() < end_pos:
            length = self.read_s32()
            if length > 0:
                yield self.read_entry(length)
            elif length < 0:
                # Skip an empty slot
                self.read(-length)
            else:
                break

# ---

class Keytab():
    def __init__(self, path):
        self.path = path

    def list_principals(self):
        with open(self.path, "rb") as fh:
            rd = KeytabReader(fh)
            for e in rd.read_keytab():
                principal = e.principal.unparse()
                yield principal.rsplit("@", 1)[0]

    def has_principal(self, principal):
        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
            return False
        return principal in {*self.list_principals()}