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Lucio Crusca
Asked: 2022-01-13 12:37:38 +0800 CST

USB HDD 出现故障时，dmesg 中消息的正常顺序是什么？

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我有一个连接到 Debian GNU/Linux 服务器的 USB 硬盘。我正在尝试使用以下命令对其进行格式化（NTFS）：

# mkntfs -v /dev/sdd1

这需要几个小时，因为它也会检查磁盘。检查时，dmesg -T显示以下内容：

[Wed Jan 12 15:22:53 2022] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] usb 1-4: USB disconnect, device number 5
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 621745808 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x104000 phys_seg 240 prio class 0
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] Buffer I/O error on dev sdd1, logical block 621743760, lost async page write
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] Buffer I/O error on dev sdd1, logical block 621743761, lost async page write
   (...and so on for a few lines, then)
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 621746048 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x104000 phys_seg 240 prio class 0
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 621746288 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x100000 phys_seg 8 prio class 0
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:26 2022] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 621746296 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 16 prio class 0
   (...and so on for a few lines, then)
[Wed Jan 12 18:03:31 2022] buffer_io_error: 9015384 callbacks suppressed
   (...other errors...)

看着大量的错误消息，我会说 HDD 几乎死了，但将它附加到 Windows PC 似乎可以工作。此外usb 1-4: USB disconnect, device number 5，dmesg在其他错误之前出现的第一个错误（ .

但是我在dmesg输出方面不是很有经验，所以很可能我读错了。

编辑：根据 NiKiZe 的要求，这里是输出smartctl -a /dev/sdd：

# smartctl -a /dev/sdd
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-5.10.0-3-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Blue Mobile
Device Model:     WDC WD10SPCX-00KHST0
Serial Number:    WD-WXF1A95F0J3X
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 65b7e0332
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity:    1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Jan 13 11:04:19 2022 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (16080) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 184) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   190   184   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       1500
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   081   081   000    Old_age   Always       -       19048
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   073   073   000    Old_age   Always       -       20415
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       188
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       43
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   187   187   000    Old_age   Always       -       41054
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   119   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       28
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

假设这个 HDD 确实出现故障，并且其中的错误消息dmesg是针对真正的坏扇区，为什么会在坏扇区消息之前而不是之后dmesg显示断开连接？

drive-failure

0 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    断开连接首先发生，然后您会得到由断开连接引起的混合错误，其中生成磁盘写入的各个层会注意到有问题。

    大多数 I/O 以具有磁盘支持的“脏”内存页面的形式发生，内核最终会在写入被应用程序确认很久之后刷新到磁盘，并且唯一的驱动程序层是仍然对请求感兴趣的是内存子系统（想知道是否可以释放页面）和文件系统（需要在写入数据后生成更多写入以更新元数据）——上面的任何内容都已拆除已经。

    一些请求不通过内存子系统（例如 SMART 状态查询），一些请求（如读取）可能只附加到内存子系统，因为文件系统已经查找了块映射并且不再需要涉及。

    因此，由于断开连接而收到的错误消息没有特定的顺序——它们发生在由于设备离线而生成、提交和拒绝请求时。如果某些请求之间存在因果关系（例如在中止数据传输后反映新状态的日志条目——毕竟，日志可能在不同的设备上），那么这就定义了一些顺序。

    我可能会尝试在适当的 SATA 端口上使用磁盘，并通过良好的电源供电——USB 到 SATA 机箱中的电压转换器通常有点狡猾。

    • 1

  2. 请考虑驱动器死机。

    通常格式化驱动器不需要那么长时间。然而，坏块的重试和重置确实需要时间。

    当然，这可能是由于电源不良或其他原因。

    并非所有 USB 设备都支持智能直通，但请尝试： smartctl -a /dev/sdd特别寻找Reallocated_Sector_Ct, Reallocated_Event_Count, Current_Pending_Sector,Offline_Uncorrectable如果其中任何一个具有RAW_VALUE除 之外的其他设备0，我会尽量避免将磁盘用于非重要数据以外的任何内容。

    如果磁盘上没有数据，您可以随时尝试擦除它，使用类似（此处小心！！！）之类的方法dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd bs=4M status=progress。之后您将需要重新创建分区表。

    • 0

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