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Accepted
Colin
Asked: 2020-07-21 05:09:43 +0800 CST

使用 Postfix/Dovecot 发送和接收邮件

  • 772

如果不是几周，我已经搜索了几天。好吧，我尝试配置 Postfix（失败了），目的是在不使用 Gmail 等外部中继服务的情况下发送邮件，并配置一个（本地？）中继服务器，它将通过端口 587 使用。

如果我错了，请纠正我，这个项目是我第一个熟悉电子邮件类型服务器的项目。

在进行任何解释之前，将为生产型服务器配置此环境。最终配置也将在 Docker 映像中进行，但我尝试通过在多个 VM 上构建所有内容来学习每一步（这个在 HyperV 中）

在过去的几天里，我遵循了本教程并成功完成了设置。接下来，我创建了一个客户端、一个（网站）和一个带有邮箱的电子邮件域。这导致我可以在 Roundcube 请求成功登录。问题涉及的地方是当我尝试从 Roundcube 发送电子邮件时，我检查了日志文件，尝试重新配置 Postfix 部分（main.cf、master.cf 和 dpkg-reconfigure postfix service postfix restart，当然后面跟着）

以下是我的设置示例：

  • 我在域 dns 中设置了一个 MX 记录，例如值“subdomain.domain.ext”
  • 我遵循与教程相同的主机名和/或 /etc/hosts 步骤：

以下示例是根据上述 MX 值：

  • hostname (according to example) subdomain
  • cat /etc/hosts:
127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost
local_ip        subdomain.domain.ext    subdomain
    
The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

后缀 main.cf：

# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix

# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = subdomain.domain.ext
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
#mydestination = subdomain.domain.ext, localhost, localhost.localdomain
mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain
relayhost = 
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html
virtual_alias_domains = 
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_uids.cf
virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_gids.cf
sender_bcc_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_outgoing_bcc.cf
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_restriction_classes = greylisting
greylisting = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_recipient.cf, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_policy_greylist.cf
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/transport-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf
relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf
relay_recipient_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relayrecipientmaps.cf
smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender_login_maps.cf
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $sender_bcc_maps $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/helo_access, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_helo_hostname, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/blacklist_helo
smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_originating.re , permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, check_sender_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf, check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_foreign.re
smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf
smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
virtual_transport = dovecot
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks
nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks
body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks
owner_request_special = no
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL
smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
receive_override_options = no_address_mappings

后缀 master.cf：

# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (no)    (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
#smtp      inet  n       -       y       -       1       postscreen
#smtpd     pass  -       -       y       -       -       smtpd
#dnsblog   unix  -       -       y       -       0       dnsblog
#tlsproxy  unix  -       -       y       -       0       tlsproxy
submission inet n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps     inet  n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628       inet  n       -       y       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    unix  n       -       y       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       y       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
#qmgr     unix  n       -       n       300     1       oqmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       y       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       y       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       y       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       y       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       y       -       -       smtp
        -o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       y       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       y       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       y       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       y       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       y       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       y       -       1       scache
postlog   unix-dgram n  -       n       -       1       postlogd
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d vmail ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
#   lmtp    cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
#  mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#  virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix  -   n   n   -   2   pipe
  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
  ${nexthop} ${user}

dovecot   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}

amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
        -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
        -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
        -o smtp_bind_address=


127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
        -o content_filter=
        -o local_recipient_maps=
        -o relay_recipient_maps=
        -o smtpd_restriction_classes=
        -o smtpd_client_restrictions=
        -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
        -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
        -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
        -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
        -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
        -o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
        -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
        -o disable_dns_lookups=yes


127.0.0.1:10027 inet n - n - - smtpd
        -o content_filter=
        -o local_recipient_maps=
        -o relay_recipient_maps=
        -o smtpd_restriction_classes=
        -o smtpd_client_restrictions=
        -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
        -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
        -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
        -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
        -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
        -o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
        -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
        -o milter_default_action=accept
        -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
        -o disable_dns_lookups=yes
  • 尾 -f /var/log/mail.log：
postfix/smtpd[30136]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=6
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30156, secured, session=<1yIO0d6qMroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30156><1yIO0d6qMroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=1128 out=1056 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: C36A7E08A8: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/cleanup[30094]: C36A7E08A8: message-id=<[email protected]>
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: C36A7E08A8: from=<[email protected]>, size=1656, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo amavis[23070]: (23070-16) Passed CLEAN {RelayedOutbound}, ORIGINATING LOCAL [::1]:34068 <[email protected]> -> <[email protected]>, Queue-ID: 48F7EE089B, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: ZkrJmYfgX0Jz, Hits: 0.213, size: 1191, queued_as: C36A7E08A8, 464 ms
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtp[30097]: 48F7EE089B: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10026, delay=0.54, delays=0.07/0/0.01/0.46, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10027): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as C36A7E08A8)
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: 48F7EE089B: removed
Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: C36A7E08A8: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8]:25, delay=0.14, delays=0.02/0/0.12/0, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8] refused to talk to me: 550 mx5.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net mx5.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net MXIN102 Your IP {HIDDEN_IP} is in RBL. Please see https://www.spamhaus.org/query/ip/{HIDDEN_IP}  ;id=xV6AjHSqSlfIA;sid=xV6AjHSqSlfIA;mta=mx5.tb;d=20200720;t=144050[CET];ipsrc={HIDDEN_IP};)
Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30162, secured, session=<Z0UZ0d6qOroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30162><Z0UZ0d6qOroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=70 out=654 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30165, secured, session=<WPIc0d6qPLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30166, secured, session=<KRId0d6qProAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30166><KRId0d6qProAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=119 out=787 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30165><WPIc0d6qPLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=317 out=6562 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=14 hdr_bytes=2388 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:40:52 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: B9038E08FB: from=<[email protected]>, size=1042, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jul 20 08:40:53 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: B9038E08FB: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8]:25, delay=5170, delays=5170/0/0.16/0, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8] refused to talk to me: 550 mx2.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net mx2.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net MXIN102 Your IP {HIDDEN_IP} is in RBL. Please see https://www.spamhaus.org/query/ip/{HIDDEN_IP}  ;id=xV6DjCowJQsUv;sid=xV6DjCowJQsUv;mta=mx2.tb;d=20200720;t=144053[CET];ipsrc={HIDDEN_IP};)
Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30168, secured, session=<B99J0d6qQroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30168><B99J0d6qQroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=32 out=506 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30170, secured, session=<UgNL0d6qRLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30170><UgNL0d6qRLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=44 out=613 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: connect from localhost[::1]
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: NOQUEUE: filter: RCPT from localhost[::1]: <[email protected]>: Sender address triggers FILTER amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10026; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<_>
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: 71BA4E08A3: client=localhost[::1], sasl_method=LOGIN, [email protected]
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/cleanup[30094]: 71BA4E08A3: message-id=<[email protected]>
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: 71BA4E08A3: from=<[email protected]>, size=595, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=6
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30187, secured, session=<zC2O0t6qSroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30187><zC2O0t6qSroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=460 out=670 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: AEDF6E08A2: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/cleanup[30094]: AEDF6E08A2: message-id=<[email protected]>
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: AEDF6E08A2: from=<[email protected]>, size=1070, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo amavis[27021]: (27021-05) Passed CLEAN {RelayedOutbound}, ORIGINATING LOCAL [::1]:34094 <[email protected]> -> <[email protected]>, Queue-ID: 71BA4E08A3, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: yi2HrBVrV9H1, Hits: 0.213, size: 595, queued_as: AEDF6E08A2, 211 ms
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtp[30097]: 71BA4E08A3: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10026, delay=0.29, delays=0.07/0/0.01/0.21, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10027): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as AEDF6E08A2)
Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: 71BA4E08A3: removed
Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30190, secured, session=<pjKZ0t6qULoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30190><pjKZ0t6qULoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=70 out=654 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30193, secured, session=<wB6e0t6qUroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30194, secured, session=<u2ie0t6qVLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>
Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30194><u2ie0t6qVLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=119 out=795 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap([email protected])<30193><wB6e0t6qUroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=317 out=6982 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=15 hdr_bytes=2563 body_count=0 body_bytes=0
Jul 20 08:41:45 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.27]:25: Connection timed out
Jul 20 08:41:45 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2a00:1450:4013:c04::1a]:25: Network is unreachable

但是，我在这个日志中看到邮件已经成功发送给收件人（不是从外部地址收到的），但是为什么它一直在尝试通过端口 25？我的 ISP 阻止了它，我想强制使用端口 587，因为它可以在每个环境中工作，多个服务/isp。另外，我看到了很多基于 Gmail 的服务的结果Network is unreachable，Connection timed out当它通过正确的端口连接时，这是否解决了？

我也无法使用 Dovecot 在此服务器上接收任何邮件。有没有其他方法可以解决这个问题，因为我找不到任何关于它为什么不起作用的错误回复？

如果有意义，我还从 Roundcube 获得了关于发送的诊断代码：

smtp; 554 5.7.1 <unknown[192.168.1.1]>: Client host rejected:
    Access denied

如果有人可以帮助我解决这个问题，那就太感谢了

email dovecot roundcube

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    希望这对您有所帮助： 例如。你有：

    • 域名：mydomain.com
    • 邮件域：mail.mydomain.com
    • 静态IP：123.123.123.123
    • MTA : 后缀

    这里需要更多的努力：

    - 互联网服务提供商

    • 向您的 ISP 询问 ip 的反向记录 (PTR)，即 123.123.123.123 到 mail.mydomain.com
    • 要求您的 ISP 打开 IP 123.123.123.123 的 smtp 端口（如果您想使用多个 ip 进行故障转移，也可以使用 dns 端口）

    - 面板

    • 添加A 记录：类型： A TTL： 3600主机： mail.mydomain.com 指向： 123.123.123.123

    • 添加MX 记录：类型： MX TTL： 3600主机： mydomain.com优先级： 10 点到： mail.mydomain.com

    • 添加MX 记录：类型： MX TTL： 3600主机： mydomain.com优先级： 20 点到： mydomain.com

    • 在 cPANEL 中配置SPF + DKIM + DMARC记录（ dkim + dmarc 生成器）

    • 检查并从黑名单站点中删除您的 IP 123.123.123.123 。

    - 邮件服务器

    • 主机名：mail.mydomain.com

    • 防火墙开放端口：80,443,25,143,587,993,995 用于电子邮件

    • 添加包fail2ban（防止外部攻击），policyd（限制传入和传出电子邮件），claimav（病毒扫描）

    我的 MAILSERVER WORKING conf（对于 centos7）：

    postconf -n

    alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
bounce_notice_recipient = [email protected]
broken_sasl_auth_clients = no
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
default_destination_concurrency_limit = 30
default_destination_rate_delay = 5s
disable_vrfy_command = yes
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
enable_original_recipient = no
fast_flush_domains = $mydomain
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
insiders_only = check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/insiders, reject
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
message_size_limit = 5242880
milter_default_action = accept
mydestination = $myhostname
mydomain = mydomain.com
myhostname = mail.mydomain.com
mynetworks = cidr:/etc/postfix/network_table
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES
relay_recipient_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
smtp_tls_loglevel = 1
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name. Send us your mail..not your spam!!
smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 30
smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031
smtpd_etrn_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, permit
smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891
smtpd_recipient_limit = 30
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031, check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/protected_destinations, hash:/etc/postfix/bad_recipients, check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client b.barracudacentral.org, permit
smtpd_reject_footer = \c. For assistance, Please provide the following information in your problem report: time ($localtime), client ($client_address) and server ($server_name).
smtpd_restriction_classes = insiders_only
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_login_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps
smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031, reject_sender_login_mismatch, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, permit
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/mydomain.com.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/mydomain.com.key
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_use_tls = yes
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:12
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 150
virtual_transport = dovecot
virtual_uid_maps = static:150

    鸽子会议 -n

    # 2.2.36 (1f10bfa63): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# Pigeonhole version 0.4.24 (124e06aa)
doveconf: Warning: NOTE: You can get a new clean config file with: doveconf -n > dovecot-new.conf
doveconf: Warning: Obsolete setting in /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf:30: 'imaps' protocol is no longer necessary, remove it
doveconf: Warning: NOTE: You can get a new clean config file with: doveconf -n > dovecot-new.conf
doveconf: Warning: Obsolete setting in /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf:30: 'imaps' protocol is no longer necessary, remove it
doveconf: Warning: service auth { client_limit=3000 } is lower than required under max. load (4000)
doveconf: Warning: service anvil { client_limit=3000 } is lower than required under max. load (3003)
# OS: Linux 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 x86_64 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)  xfs
# Hostname: mail.mydomain.com
auth_default_realm = mydomain.com
auth_failure_delay = 5 secs
auth_mechanisms = plain login
auth_realms = mydomain.com
auth_verbose = yes
default_client_limit = 3000
default_process_limit = 1000
dict {
  sqldomainquota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql-domain.conf
  sqluserquota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql-user.conf
}
first_valid_gid = 12
first_valid_uid = 150
last_valid_gid = 12
last_valid_uid = 150
listen = *,::
log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log
mail_debug = yes
mail_gid = mail
mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n
mail_plugins = " quota"
mail_privileged_group = mail
mail_uid = vmail
managesieve_notify_capability = mailto
managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date index ihave duplicate mime foreverypart extracttext
mbox_write_locks = fcntl
namespace inbox {
  inbox = yes
  location =
  mailbox Drafts {
    special_use = \Drafts
  }
  mailbox Junk {
    special_use = \Junk
  }
  mailbox Sent {
    special_use = \Sent
  }
  mailbox "Sent Messages" {
    special_use = \Sent
  }
  mailbox Trash {
    special_use = \Trash
  }
  prefix =
}
passdb {
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
  driver = sql
}
plugin {
  quota = dict:User Quota::proxy::sqluserquota
  sieve = file:~/sieve;active=~/.dovecot.sieve
  sieve_default = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/default.sieve
  sieve_dir = ~/.sieve
  sieve_global_dir = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/
}
postmaster_address = [email protected]
protocols = imap sieve
service auth-worker {
  user = vmail
}
service auth {
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
    group = postfix
    mode = 0666
    user = postfix
  }
  unix_listener auth-userdb {
    mode = 0600
    user = vmail
  }
  user = dovecot
}
service dict {
  unix_listener dict {
    mode = 0600
    user = vmail
  }
}
service imap-login {
  inet_listener imaps {
    port = 993
    ssl = yes
  }
}
service lmtp {
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
    group = postfix
    mode = 0600
    user = postfix
  }
}
service managesieve-login {
  inet_listener sieve {
    port = 4190
  }
}
ssl_cert = </etc/pki/tls/certs/mydomain.com.crt
ssl_key =  # hidden, use -P to show it
userdb {
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
  driver = sql
}
verbose_proctitle = yes
protocol lda {
  mail_plugins = " quota sieve quota"
}
protocol imap {
  mail_plugins = " quota imap_quota"
}
protocol pop3 {
  mail_plugins = " quota quota"
}

    圆立方配置

    <?php

    $config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://user:password@localhost/database';

    $config['default_host'] = 'imaps://localhost';
    
    $config['smtp_server'] = 'tls://localhost';

    $config['smtp_user'] = '%u';

    $config['smtp_pass'] = '%p';

    $config['support_url'] = '';

    $config['des_key'] = '5d4eed1d4eddizHjz6i6GTLb';

    $config['username_domain'] = 'mydomain.com';

    $config['product_name'] = 'Roundcube WebMail';

    $config['plugins'] = array('archive','filters', 'globaladdressbook', 'hide_blockquote', 'identicon', 'jqueryui', 'markasjunk', 'new_user_identity', 'newmail_notifier', 'show_additional_headers','managesieve', 'zipdownload');

    //clears trash when user logs out (if true)
    #$config['logout_purge'] = true;

    $config['default_port'] = 993;

    $config['max_message_size'] = '5M';

    如果您使用的是 debian，此链接可能会有所帮助。

    • 2

  2. 起初几天前我在dns上做了一些研究，因为我不熟悉它。之后我得出的结论是添加 SPF 记录、DKIM 和 DMARC。此外，由于我的日志称我的 ip 在 RBL 中，我认为这不是问题，因为他们的 RBL 解释。但是我提出了删除该 ip 的请求，从那时起，我的邮件服务器和 ISP 之间的邮件就解决了这个问题。

    由于有更多的电子邮件提供商彼此显示相同的消息：

    connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.27]:25: Connection timed out

    Jul 20 08:41:45 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2a00:1450:4013:c04::1a]:25: Network is unreachable

    这类问题似乎有一个常见的解决方案，并得到了很多回答；

    •inet_protocols = all变成inet_protocols = ipv4你的内/etc/postfix/main.cf

    重新启动、重新加载和刷新 Postfix 后，测试再次失败，通过发送到 Gmail 再次出现同样的错误。

    然后，我通过这篇文章找到了另一个可能的解决方案https://superuser.com/questions/1069049/postfix-problems-sending-mail-to-gmail-addresses

    • 更改relayhost =为relayhost = smtp.myisp.ext:25

    我再次测试了向我的多个地址发送邮件；ISP、Gmail、Outlook、Yahoo 成功通过！

    • 0

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