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Ve3lst
Asked: 2020-05-26 06:27:35 +0800 CST

Postfix & Dovecot：邮件显示在已发送但收件箱中没有

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简而言之，我的问题：

我在 ubuntu 服务器 18.04 上有一个本地邮件服务器（postfix 和 dovecot 并使用自分配 SSL，openssl），我可以从同一网络中的另一台电脑登录（仅收到有关自分配 ssl 的警告）。

但是当我尝试发送电子邮件（给同一用户或其他用户）时，我会在已发送文件夹中看到邮件。但收件箱中没有。这是我的 /var/log/mail.log 输出：

May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/submission/smtpd[19418]: Anonymous TLS connection established from unknown[192.168.7.17]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits)
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/submission/smtpd[19418]: BBA4C802F5: client=unknown[192.168.7.17], sasl_method=PLAIN, sasl_username=veelst
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/cleanup[19425]: BBA4C802F5: message-id=<[email protected]>
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/qmgr[19411]: BBA4C802F5: from=<[email protected]>, size=584, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/smtp[19426]: BBA4C802F5: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.06, delays=0.05/0.01/0/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for tsun.net loops back to myself)
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/cleanup[19425]: D3AE1802F7: message-id=<[email protected]>
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/submission/smtpd[19418]: disconnect from unknown[192.168.7.17] ehlo=2 starttls=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=8
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/bounce[19427]: BBA4C802F5: sender non-delivery notification: D3AE1802F7
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/qmgr[19411]: D3AE1802F7: from=<>, size=2425, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/qmgr[19411]: BBA4C802F5: removed
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/smtp[19426]: D3AE1802F7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.04, delays=0.04/0/0/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for tsun.net loops back to myself)
May 25 13:44:17 tsun postfix/qmgr[19411]: D3AE1802F7: removed
May 25 13:44:18 tsun dovecot: imap(veelst)<19277><Nqj5HnmmNMzAqAcR>: Connection closed (IDLE running for 0.001 + waiting input for 0.002 secs, 0.001 in locks, 2 B in + 10 B out, state=wait-input) in=906 out=301$
May 25 13:44:18 tsun dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<veelst>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.7.17, lip=192.168.7.146, mpid=19429, TLS, session=</PPpLHmmhM3AqAcR>

详细说明：

我有一个运行 Ubuntu Server 18.04 的本地邮件服务器，IP 地址为 192.168.7.146

主机名的输出：

veelst@tsun:/var/mail$ hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: tsun
         ...
  Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 4.15.0-101-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

有后缀和鸽舍：

postconf mail_version
mail_version = 3.3.0
dovecot --version
2.3.10.1 (a3d0e1171)

在另一台机器上，我安装了 BIND9 DNS 服务器，并带有以下指向邮件服务器的区域：

$ttl 38400
tsun.net.   IN  SOA thome.local. admin.tsun.net. (
            1589393672
            10800
            3600
            604800
            38400 )
tsun.net.   IN  NS  thome.local.
mail.tsun.net. 3600 IN A   192.168.7.146
tsun.net.      3600 IN MX  0 mail.tsun.net.
tsun.net.      3600 IN TXT "v=spf1 mx ~all"
tsun.net.   IN  A   192.168.7.146

正如我上面所说，我可以使用雷鸟在同一网络上使用我的电脑登录。端口也可以从我的电脑上访问，sudo nmap mail.tsun.net 命令的输出：

Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-05-25 13:34 +03
Nmap scan report for mail.tsun.net (192.168.7.146)
Host is up (0.00074s latency).
rDNS record for 192.168.7.146: msun
Not shown: 991 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
22/tcp  open  ssh
25/tcp  open  smtp
80/tcp  open  http
110/tcp open  pop3
143/tcp open  imap
465/tcp open  smtps
587/tcp open  submission
993/tcp open  imaps
995/tcp open  pop3s

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 4.04 seconds

关于我的设置的其他一些有用信息：

鸽舍-n：

# 2.3.10.1 (a3d0e1171): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# OS: Linux 4.15.0-101-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS 
# Hostname: tsun
auth_mechanisms = plain login
mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
mail_privileged_group = mail
namespace inbox {
  inbox = yes
  location = 
  mailbox Drafts {
    auto = create
    special_use = \Drafts
  }
  mailbox Junk {
    auto = create
    special_use = \Junk
  }
  mailbox Sent {
    special_use = \Sent
  }
  mailbox "Sent Messages" {
    special_use = \Sent
  }
  mailbox Trash {
    auto = create
    special_use = \Trash
  }
  prefix = 
}
passdb {
  driver = pam
}
protocols = imap pop3
service auth {
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
    group = postfix
    mode = 0660
    user = postfix
  }
}
service lmtp {
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
    group = postfix
    mode = 0600
    user = postfix
  }
}
ssl_cert = </var/www/cert/certificate.pem
ssl_key = # hidden, use -P to show it
ssl_min_protocol = TLSv1.2
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = yes
userdb {
  driver = passwd
}

后置信-n：

alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
compatibility_level = 2
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
mailbox_size_limit = 0
mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
message_size_limit = 52428800
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.tsun.net, localhost
myhostname = mail.tsun.net
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
myorigin = /etc/mailname
readme_directory = no
recipient_delimiter = +
relayhost =
smtp_tls_loglevel = 1
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /var/www/cert/certificate.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /var/www/cert/key.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtputf8_enable = no

我也用这个命令来创建我的 ssl

$openssl genrsa -out key.pem 2048
$openssl req -new -sha256 -key key.pem -out csr.csr
$sudo openssl req -x509 -sha256 -days 365 -key key.pem -in csr.csr -out certificate.pem
$openssl req -in csr.csr -text -noout | grep -i "Signature.*SHA256" && echo "All is well" || echo "This certificate will stop working in 2017! You must update OpenSSL to generate a widely-compatible certificate"

（我得到“一切都好”的输出）

解决了我的问题后。我在日志中收到新错误：

[private/dovecot-lmtp]: Connection refused

通过将 lmtp 添加到 /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf 中的协议来修复它：

protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

这修复了连接被拒绝的错误。

然后我得到了找不到用户的新错误。必须通过转到 /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf 并取消注释该行来修复它：

auth_username_format = %n

现在我可以从同一个网络发送和接收邮件就好了！

postfix email-server dovecot local

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    Postfix 告诉你确切的原因：

    status=bounced (mail for tsun.net loops back to myself)

    尝试添加tsun.net到mydestination您的/etc/postfix/main.cf. 你告诉它的那一行应该是域“localhost.tsun.net”和“localhost”。也许是错字？

    然后重新启动您的 Postfix 守护进程：

    /etc/init.d/postfix restart
    • 1

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