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Subramanian Lakshmanan
Asked: 2020-01-28 04:36:36 +0800 CST

使用 Ansible 在多个操作系统上安装多个包

  • 772

我有一台带有 2 台服务器的主机：一台安装了 CentOS，另一台安装了 Ubuntu。

我决定在两台服务器上安装 apache、nginx 和 php-fpm，并编写了 3 个剧本。

  1. ubuntu.yml (/home/ansible/playbook):
---
- name: Ubuntu Playbook
  hosts: ubun
  become: true
  vars:
   - packages:
     - nginx
     - apache2
     - php-fpm 
  tasks:
   - name: Update apt package
   apt:
   name: "*"
   state: latest
   update_cache: yes
   - name: Install Packages
     apt:
       pkg: "{{ packages }}"
       state: latest
       update_cache: yes
   - name: Apache Service Start
     service:
       name: nginx
       state: restarted
       enabled: yes
  1. centos.yml (/home/ansible/playbook):
---
- name: CentOS Playbook
  hosts: cent
  become: true
  vars:
   packages:
   - epel-release
   - httpd
   - nginx
   - php-fpm
  tasks:
   - name: Update yum package
     yum:
       name: "*"
       state: latest
       update_cache: yes
   - name: Install Packages
     yum:
       name: "{{ packages }}"
       state: latest
       update_cache: yes
   - name: Apache Service Start
     service:
       name: nginx
       state: restarted
       enabled: yes
  1. base.yml (/home/ansible/playbook):
---
- name: Base Playbook
  hosts: aws
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name: Performing Tasks for CentOS
      when: ansible_facts['distribution'] == 'CentOS'
      include_tasks: centos.yml
    - name: Performing Tasks for Ubuntu
      when: ansible_facts['distribution'] == 'Ubuntu'
      include_tasks: ubuntu.yml

我的 3 个 Ansible 组是：

  • [aws] 包含两个服务器

  • [cent] 包含 CentOS 服务器

  • [ubun] 包含 Ubuntu 服务器

我尝试了空运行centos.yml和ubuntu.yml单独运行并且它有效，但是当我尝试空运行时base.yml出现以下错误：

    FAILED! => {"reason": "unexpected parameter type in action: <class 'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/ansible/playbook/centos.yml': line 2, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n---\n- name: CentOS Playbook\n  ^ here\n"}

    FAILED! => {"reason": "unexpected parameter type in action: <class 'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/ansible/playbook/ubuntu.yml': line 2, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n---\n- name: Ubuntu Playbook\n  ^ here\n"}

我已经尝试替换import_tasks为，include_tasks但我得到了同样的错误。

ansible ansible-playbook

2 个回答

  1. 如果以角色为例，它会更好，这里有固定代码：

    ---

- hosts: aws
  remote_user: myuser
  become: true
  tasks:
  - name: Performing Tasks for CentOS
    include_tasks: centos.yml
    when: ansible_facts['distribution'] == 'CentOS'
  - name: Performing Tasks for Ubuntu
    include_tasks: ubuntu.yml
    when: ansible_facts['distribution'] == 'Ubuntu'

    centos.yml 任务：

    ---

- name: installing httpd
  yum: pkg=httpd state=present

    ubuntu.yml 任务：

    - name: installing apache2
  apt: pkg=apache2 state=present

    在任务文件中，您只需要任务，没有主机、任务等。

    • 3
  2. Best Answer

    我的解决方案是将它们合并到一个游戏中，因为它们做同样的事情。

    ---
- name: php-fpm play
  hosts: aws
  become: true
  vars:
  - repo:
      Debian:
      - apt # already installed, but need something here
      RedHat:
      - epel-release
  - packages:
      Debian:
      - apache2
      #- nginx # cannot have 2 listening on port 80
      - php-fpm
      RedHat:
      - httpd
      #- nginx
      - php-fpm
  - services:
      Debian: apache2
      RedHat: httpd

  tasks:
     # TODO move update * task to different play

   - name: Install repo
     # Seperate package transaction for EPEL
     # so it is available in the next task
     package:
       name: "{{ repo[ansible_os_family] }}"

   - name: Install Web Server Packages
     # Keyed by OS family fact to also support RHEL and Debian
     package:
       name: "{{ packages[ansible_os_family] }}"
       state: latest

   - name: Web Service Start
     service:
       name: "{{ services[ansible_os_family] }}"
       state: restarted
       enabled: yes

    不能有多个服务器监听端口 80 和 443。我注释掉了 nginx，因为一个任务被错误地标记为“Apache 服务启动”。如果您想要其中一个代理另一个或其他东西，您将需要部署一个配置文件来更改端口。

    使用package:委托给实际包管理器的操作。使包安装任务能够在不同的操作系统上运行。不能那样做update_cache，但是 yum 在像 apt 那样添加 repos 时不需要它。

    Vars 结构是 OS 系列特定值的字典。这使得包和服务名称能够被事实索引。操作系统系列，所以除了 CentOS 和 Ubuntu 之外，这也适用于 RHEL 和 Debian。

    缩进是错误的。模块参数需要缩进低于任务级别指令的级别，例如name:.

    不能include_tasks一整部戏，那只适用于import_playbook. include_tasks当你有角色时会更容易，角色有一个用于此类文件的任务目录。（游戏级别的任务是一回事，但我赞成角色做所有事情。）

    还有更多的工作要使它有用。

    当你需要使用template安装配置时，EL 将 configs 放入/etc/httpd/，而 Debian 放入/etc/apache2/.

    大量的 Web 服务器角色是开源的，如果你想要想法，可以看看。检查银河。

    考虑将您的任务转移到角色，以实现重用。

    • 1

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