Como posso fazer um processo específico executar um determinado executável com ptrace ()?

Aqui está um programa C que deve fazer isso. Observe alguns problemas conhecidos:

• Provavelmente deve usar memcpy em vez de violações estritas de alias
• Usa suas próprias variáveis ​​de ambiente em vez das variáveis ​​de ambiente do tracee antigo
• Se o tracee não fizer syscalls, isso nunca conseguirá fazer nada
• Não verifica quando o tracee é interrompido para ter certeza de que é realmente uma parada de syscall e não uma parada de sinal ou algo assim
• Deve definir o IP de volta em syscall-exit-stop em vez de syscall-enter-stop
• Não faz nenhuma verificação de sanidade dos argumentos execve (fazer isso seria uma boa oportunidade para execveat)
• Completamente não portátil (hardcodes CONFIG_ARM_THUMBentre muitas outras coisas)
• Deixa o processo em um estado em que provavelmente travará se alguma das syscalls não funcionar corretamente

Compile-o com -fno-strict-aliasing, depois execute-o como ./a.out 1 /lib/systemd/systemd systemd.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

#define CONFIG_ARM_THUMB

#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_THUMB
#define thumb_mode(regs) \
        (((regs)->ARM_cpsr & PSR_T_BIT))
#else
#define thumb_mode(regs) (0)
#endif

extern char **environ;

static pid_t pid;

/* The length of a string, plus the null terminator, rounded up to the nearest sizeof(long). */
size_t str_size(char *str) {
        size_t len = strlen(str);
        return len + sizeof(long) - len % sizeof(long);
}

void must_poke(long addr, long data) {
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, pid, (void*)addr, (void*)data)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, ...)");
                exit(1);
        }
}

void must_poke_multi(long addr, long* data, size_t len) {
        size_t i;
        for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                must_poke(addr + i * sizeof(long), data[i]);
        }
}

long must_poke_string(long addr, char* str) {
        size_t len = str_size(str);
        size_t longs_len = len / sizeof(long);
        char *more_nulls_str = malloc(len);
        memset(more_nulls_str + len - sizeof(long), 0, sizeof(long)); /* initialize the bit we might not copy over */
        strcpy(more_nulls_str, str);
        must_poke_multi(addr, (long*)more_nulls_str, longs_len);
        free(more_nulls_str);
        return addr + len;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
        struct user_regs regs;
        int i, envc;
        unsigned long mmap_base;
        size_t mmap_string_offset, mmap_argv_offset, mmap_envp_offset;
        size_t mmap_len = 2 * sizeof(char*); /* for the NULLs at the end of argv and envp */

        if(argc < 3) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pid> <executable image> <args...>\n", argv[0]);
                return 1;
        }

        pid = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10);

        /* for the image name */
        mmap_len += str_size(argv[2]);

        for(i = 3; i < argc; ++i) {
                /* for the pointer in argv plus the string itself */
                mmap_len += sizeof(char*) + str_size(argv[i]);
        }

        for(i = 0; environ[i]; ++i) {
                /* for the pointer in envp plus the string itself */
                mmap_len += sizeof(char*) + str_size(environ[i]);
        }
        envc = i;

        if(ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        if(waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WSTOPPED)) {
                perror("waitid");
                return 1;
        }

        /* Stop at whatever syscall happens to be next */
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, 0, 0)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        printf("Waiting for the target process to make a syscall...\n");
        if(waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WSTOPPED)) {
                perror("waitid");
                return 1;
        }
        printf("Target made a syscall. Proceeding with injection.\n");

        if(ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, 0, &regs)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, ...)");
                return 1;
        }

        /* End up back on the syscall instruction so we can use it again */
        regs.ARM_pc -= (thumb_mode(&regs) ? 2 : 4);

        /* mmap some space for the exec parameters */
        regs.ARM_r0 = (long)0;
        regs.ARM_r1 = (long)mmap_len;
        regs.ARM_r2 = (long)(PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE);
        regs.ARM_r3 = (long)(MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS);
        regs.ARM_r4 = (long)-1;
        regs.ARM_r5 = (long)0;
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, 0, &regs)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL, pid, 0, SYS_mmap2)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL, ...)");
                return 1;
        }

        /* jump to the end of the syscall */
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, 0, 0)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        if(waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WSTOPPED)) {
                perror("waitid");
                return 1;
        }

        /* make sure it worked and get the memory address */
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, 0, &regs)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, ...)");
                return 1;
        }

        if(regs.ARM_r0 > -4096UL) {
                errno = -regs.ARM_r0;
                perror("traced process: mmap");
                return 1;
        }
        mmap_base = regs.ARM_r0;

        /* set up the execve args in memory */
        mmap_argv_offset = must_poke_string(mmap_base, argv[2]);

        mmap_string_offset = mmap_argv_offset + (argc - 2) * sizeof(char*); /* don't forget the null pointer */
        for(i = 0; i < argc - 3; ++i) {
                must_poke(mmap_argv_offset + i * sizeof(char*), mmap_string_offset);
                mmap_string_offset = must_poke_string(mmap_string_offset, argv[i + 3]);
        }
        must_poke(mmap_argv_offset + (argc - 3) * sizeof(char*), 0);
        mmap_envp_offset = mmap_string_offset;
        mmap_string_offset = mmap_envp_offset + (envc + 1) * sizeof(char*); /* don't forget the null pointer */
        for(i = 0; i < envc; ++i) {
                must_poke(mmap_envp_offset + i * sizeof(char*), mmap_string_offset);
                mmap_string_offset = must_poke_string(mmap_string_offset, environ[i]);
        }
        must_poke(mmap_envp_offset + envc * sizeof(char*), 0);

        /* jump to the start of the next syscall (same PC since we reset it) */
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, 0, 0)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        if(waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WSTOPPED)) {
                perror("waitid");
                return 1;
        }

        if(ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, 0, &regs)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, ...)");
                return 1;
        }

        /* call execve */
        regs.ARM_r0 = (long)mmap_base;
        regs.ARM_r1 = (long)mmap_argv_offset;
        regs.ARM_r2 = (long)mmap_envp_offset;
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, 0, &regs)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL, pid, 0, SYS_execve)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL, ...)");
                return 1;
        }

        /* and done. */
        if(ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0)) {
                perror("ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, ...)");
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

Eu desenvolvi e testei isso via qemu-system-arm com o kernel 3.2.0-4 e a área de usuário wheezy de https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armel/