Eu queria atualizar minhas versões do python e, quando a atualização via apt não fez nada, decidi que queria criar as versões mais recentes do Python 2 (2.7.16) e 3 (3.7.2). Antes de fazer isso, no entanto, infelizmente decidi remover ambas as versões que eu tinha (2.7.15~rc1-1, 3.6.7), então basicamente destruí meu sistema. Eu poderia construir e instalar as novas versões muito bem, mas quando reiniciei, a GUI não estava carregando. O gerenciador de inicialização ainda está funcionando e posso acessar o terminal. Mas ao tentar seguir alguns conselhos aqui (como instalar o ubuntu-desktop), descobri que não consigo me conectar à internet (os nomes de host não podem ser resolvidos quando tento instalar pacotes e não consigo fazer ping www. google. com). Tentei usar o modo de recuperação onde habilitei a rede, mas não houve diferença.
Existe alguma chance de eu reparar meu sistema? Ou existe alguma maneira de usar um stick USB de instalação do Ubuntu para redefinir o sistema para as "configurações de fábrica" (mesmas partições etc. de antes), mesmo que eu tenha que excluir tudo lá? Estou executando o Windows 10 e o Ubuntu 18.04 em inicialização dupla e, embora o processo de instalação tenha ocorrido sem problemas na primeira vez, tive problemas antes com a inicialização dupla do Windows e do Ubuntu no meu laptop e agora estou com medo de causar ainda mais danos. Ficaria muito feliz se alguém pudesse me ajudar.
Editar # 1: Parece que ainda python3.6-minimalinstalei, apt list --installed | grep 'python'saídas:
libpython-stdlib/bionic,now 2.7.15~rc1-1 amd64 [installed,auto-removable]
libpython2.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 2.7.15~rc1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
libpython2.7-minimal/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 2.7.15~rc1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
libpython2.7-stdlib/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 2.7.15~rc1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
libpython3-stdlib/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
libpython3.6/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
libpython3.6-minimal/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
libpython3.6-stdlib/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
python-apt-common/bionic-updates,bionic-updates,now 1.6.3ubuntu1 all [installed]
python-minimal/bionic,now 2.7.15~rc1-1 amd64 [installed,auto-removable]
python-talloc/bionic,now 2.1.10-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
python2.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 2.7.15~rc1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
python2.7-minimal/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 2.7.15~rc1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
python3-minimal/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
python3.6/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
python3.6-minimal/bionic-updates,now 3.6.7-1~18.04 amd64 [installed]
Também ls /var/cache/apt/archive | grep 'python'me dá:
python3-apt_1.6.3ubuntu1_amd64.deb
python3-distupgrade_1%3a18.04.30_all.deb
python3-gi_3.26.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
python3-gi-cairo_3.26.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
python3-update-manager_1%3a18.04.11.9_all.deb
python-apt-common_1.6.3ubuntu1_all.deb
Eu espero que isso ajude.
Edit#2: Log de sessão de /var/log/apt/term.log:
Log started: 2019-03-13 23:31:26
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Removing ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (1:18.04.30) ...
[1mdpkg:[0m aptdaemon: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
python3-aptdaemon depends on aptdaemon.
Removing aptdaemon (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19) ...
[1mdpkg:[0m python3-aptdaemon: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets depends on python3-aptdaemon (= 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19).
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[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/ui5' not empty so not removed
[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/scan' not empty so not removed
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[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/pcard' not empty so not removed
[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/installer' not empty so not removed
[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/fax' not empty so not removed
[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/copier' not empty so not removed
[1mdpkg:[0m [1;33mwarning:[0m while removing hplip-data, directory '/usr/share/hplip/base/pexpect' not empty so not removed
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update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
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Removing python3-markupsafe (1.0-1build1) ...
Removing python3-netifaces (0.10.4-0.1build4) ...
Removing python3-oauth (1.0.1-5) ...
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Removing python3-pexpect (4.2.1-1) ...
Removing python3-reportlab (3.4.0-3build1) ...
Removing python3-pil:amd64 (5.1.0-1) ...
Removing python3-zope.interface (4.3.2-1build2) ...
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Removing python3-ptyprocess (0.5.2-1) ...
Removing python3-pyatspi (2.26.0+dfsg-1) ...
Removing python3-renderpm:amd64 (3.4.0-3build1) ...
Removing python3-reportlab-accel:amd64 (3.4.0-3build1) ...
Removing python3-rfc3339 (1.0-4) ...
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Skip stopping firewall: ufw (not enabled)
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Removing python3-idna (2.6-1) ...
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Removing python3-urllib3 (1.22-1) ...
Removing python3-six (1.11.0-2) ...
Removing python3-distupgrade (1:18.04.30) ...
Removing python3-update-manager (1:18.04.11.9) ...
Removing lsb-release (9.20170808ubuntu1) ...
Removing python3-apt (1.6.3ubuntu1) ...
[1mdpkg:[0m gir1.2-ibus-1.0:amd64: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
gnome-shell depends on gir1.2-ibus-1.0 (>= 1.5.2); however:
Package gir1.2-ibus-1.0:amd64 is to be removed.
Removing gir1.2-ibus-1.0:amd64 (1.5.17-3ubuntu4) ...
[1mdpkg:[0m python3: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
gnome-shell depends on python3; however:
Package python3 is to be removed.
Removing python3 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
[1mdpkg:[0m gnome-shell: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
network-manager-gnome depends on policykit-1-gnome | polkit-1-auth-agent; however:
Package policykit-1-gnome is not configured yet.
Package polkit-1-auth-agent is not installed.
Package policykit-1-gnome which provides polkit-1-auth-agent is not configured yet.
Package gnome-shell which provides polkit-1-auth-agent is to be removed.
Removing gnome-shell (3.28.3-0ubuntu0.18.04.4) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libreoffice-common (1:6.0.7-0ubuntu0.18.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-1ubuntu3.18.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.3-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for cups (2.2.7-1ubuntu2.3) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130ubuntu3.7) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-46-generic
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up policykit-1-gnome (0.105-6ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.9-2) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Log ended: 2019-03-13 23:32:0
Eu posso ver agora que um monte de pacotes realmente importantes foram removidos. E pela aparência do meu histórico de bash, parece que liguei para ambos sudo apt remove pythone sudo apt remove python3até mesmo antes de criar as versões mais recentes. Eu mudei minha pergunta original para refletir isso.
Resolvi o problema reinstalando o Ubuntu conforme sugerido (obrigado!).
Quando instalei o Ubuntu pela primeira vez, segui exatamente o conselho do Dual Boot Windows 10 e Linux Ubuntu em discos rígidos separados [duplicado] .
Eu ainda tinha o meio de instalação USB, então inicializei a partir dele, escolhi 'Algo mais' e então tive apenas três alterações a fazer (o Ubuntu foi instalado na partição /dev/sdd):
Portanto, em resumo, só tive que refazer parte das configurações que usei para minha instalação inicial e não precisei criar a tabela de partição primeiro, etc. Certifiquei-me de não selecionar a opção 'formatar partição' em nenhum lugar; a instalação foi concluída, todos os meus arquivos ainda estão lá. Obrigado pela ajuda de todos!