Como criar um atalho na área de trabalho e colocado em um local específico na área de trabalho usando apenas scripts

Isso é bastante complicado porque trabalhar com exibições do Explorer como a área de trabalho requer o uso de vários objetos COM que não oferecem suporte a scripts, mas isso pode ser feito no PowerShell declarando representações .NET das funções e estruturas nativas em alguns C# incorporados. Com base neste artigo de Raymond Chen , escrevi este script:

Param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$ShortcutTitle,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][int]$IconX,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][int]$IconY,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$TargetPath,
    [Parameter()][string]$Arguments = '',
    [Parameter()][string]$WorkingDirectory = ''
)

# Declarations of COM interfaces, functions, and structures for interfacing with the shell
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct POINT {
    public int x;
    public int y;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct STRRET {
    int uType;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 260)]
    byte[] cStr;
}

public class PInvoke {
    [DllImport("Shlwapi.dll")]
    public static extern int StrRetToStrW(ref STRRET pstr, IntPtr pidl, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] ref string ppsz);
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("6d5140c1-7436-11ce-8034-00aa006009fa")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface ComServiceProvider {
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)]
    Object QueryService(ref Guid guidService, ref Guid riid);
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("000214e2-0000-0000-c000-000000000046")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IShellBrowser {
    IntPtr GetWindow();
    void UnusedContextSensitiveHelp();
    void UnusedInsertMenusSB();
    void UnusedSetMenuSB();
    void UnusedRemoveMenusSB();
    void UnusedSetStatusTextSB();
    void UnusedEnableModelessSB();
    void UnusedTranslateAcceleratorSB();
    void UnusedBrowseObject();
    void UnusedGetViewStateStream();
    void UnusedGetControlWindow();
    void UnusedSendControlMsg();
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)]
    Object QueryActiveShellView();
    void UnusedOnViewWindowActive();
    void UnusedSetToolbarItems();
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("1af3a467-214f-4298-908e-06b03e0b39f9")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IFolderView2 {
    void UnusedGetCurrentViewMode();
    void UnusedSetCurrentViewMode();
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)]
    Object GetFolder(ref Guid riid);
    IntPtr Item(int iItemIndex);
    int ItemCount(int uFlags);
    void UnusedItems();
    void UnusedGetSelectionMarkedItem();
    void UnusedGetFocusedItem();
    POINT GetItemPosition(IntPtr pidl);
    void UnusedGetSpacing();
    void UnusedGetDefaultSpacing();
    void UnusedGetAutoArrange();
    void UnusedSelectItem();
    void SelectAndPositionItems(int cidl, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] IntPtr[] apidl, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] POINT[] apt, int dwFlags);
    void UnusedSetGroupBy();
    void UnusedGetGroupBy();
    void UnusedSetViewProperty();
    void UnusedGetViewProperty();
    void UnusedSetTileViewProperties();
    void UnusedSetExtendedTileViewProperties();
    void UnusedSetText();
    void SetCurrentFolderFlags(int dwMask, int dwFlags);
    int GetCurrentFolderFlags();
    void UnusedGetSortColumnCount();
    void UnusedSetSortColumns();
    void UnusedGetSortColumns();
    void UnusedGetItem();
    void UnusedGetVisibleItem();
    void UnusedGetSelectedItem();
    void UnusedGetSelection();
    void UnusedGetSelectionState();
    void UnusedInvokeVerbOnSelection();
    void UnusedSetViewModeAndIconSize();
    void UnusedGetViewModeAndIconSize();
    void UnusedSetGroupSubsetCount();
    void UnusedGetGroupSubsetCount();
    void UnusedSetRedraw();
    void UnusedIsMoveInSameFolder();
    void UnusedDoRename();
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("000214e6-0000-0000-c000-000000000046")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IShellFolder {
    void UnusedParseDisplayName();
    void UnusedEnumObjects();
    void UnusedBindToObject();
    void UnusedBindToStorage();
    void UnusedCompareIDs();
    void UnusedCreateViewObject();
    void UnusedGetAttributesOf();
    void UnusedGetUIObjectOf();
    STRRET GetDisplayNameOf(IntPtr pidl, int uFlags);
    void UnusedSetNameOf();
}
"@

# Find the desktop window
$shellWindowsType = [type]::GetTypeFromCLSID('9ba05972-f6a8-11cf-a442-00a0c90a8f39')
$shellWindows = [activator]::CreateInstance($shellWindowsType)
$csidlDesktop = 0
$empty = $null
$desktopWindow = $shellWindows.FindWindowSW([ref]$csidlDesktop, [ref]$empty, 8, 0, 1)
$shellBrowser = [ComServiceProvider].GetMethod('QueryService').Invoke($desktopWindow, @([guid]'4c96be40-915c-11cf-99d3-00aa004ae837', [guid]'000214e2-0000-0000-c000-000000000046'))
$folderView = [IShellBrowser].GetMethod('QueryActiveShellView').Invoke($shellBrowser, @())
# Uncheck "auto arrange icons" so icons can be moved
[IFolderView2].GetMethod('SetCurrentFolderFlags').Invoke($folderView, @(1, 0))
# Note how many icons were displayed before so we can know when the new one appeared
$iconCount = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('ItemCount').Invoke($folderView, @(0))

# Determine the path for the new shortcut
$wshShell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
$desktopPath = $wshShell.SpecialFolders('Desktop')
$lnkPath = "$desktopPath\$ShortcutTitle.lnk"
If (-not (Test-Path $lnkPath)) {
    # If it doesn't already exist, create it with the WScript API
    $shortcut = $wshShell.CreateShortcut($lnkPath)
    $shortcut.TargetPath = $TargetPath
    $shortcut.Arguments = $Arguments
    $shortcut.WorkingDirectory = $WorkingDirectory
    $shortcut.Save()
    # Refresh the desktop and wait for Explorer to add an icon for the new shortcut
    $desktopWindow.Refresh()
    $newIconCount = $iconCount + 1
    $tries = 0
    While ($iconCount -lt $newIconCount -and $tries -lt 30) {
        $iconCount = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('ItemCount').Invoke($folderView, @(0))
        $tries += 1
        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
    }
}

# Get a representation of the folder that allows reading item names
$shellFolder = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('GetFolder').Invoke($folderView, @([guid]'000214e6-0000-0000-c000-000000000046'))
# Iterate over the icons to find the new one
0..($iconCount - 1) | % {
    # Get the ID and name of this icon
    $pidl = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('Item').Invoke($folderView, @([int]$_))
    $strret = [IShellFolder].GetMethod('GetDisplayNameOf').Invoke($shellFolder, @($pidl, 0x1000))
    $name = ''
    If ([PInvoke]::StrRetToStrW([ref]$strret, $pidl, [ref]$name) -eq 0) {
        If ($name -eq $ShortcutTitle) {
            # If it's the one we made, set its position
            $point = [POINT]::new()
            $point.x = $IconX
            $point.y = $IconY
            [IFolderView2].GetMethod('SelectAndPositionItems').Invoke($folderView, @(1, [IntPtr[]]@($pidl), [POINT[]]@($point), 128))
            # No need to look at the remaining icons - exit the script
            Break
        }
    }
}

Ele usa o componente de script clássico WScript.Shellpara criar o atalho, se ainda não existir, e usa as APIs COM do shell para localizar e reposicionar o atalho.

Por exemplo, se esse script grande foi salvo como positionedshortcut.ps1, o comando abaixo criaria um atalho um tanto bobo chamado "Friendly Shell" próximo (1000, 400) que inicia um prompt de comando com uma saudação. Se já existisse um atalho com esse nome, ele seria movido de volta para essa posição, mas não seria alterado.

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -c .\positionedshortcut.ps1 -ShortcutTitle 'Friendly Shell' -IconX 1000 -IconY 400 -TargetPath 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe' -Arguments '/k echo Hi there!'

Para definir outras propriedades de atalho, manipule o $shortcutobjeto normalmente. As coordenadas para o novo $pointestão em pixels; se você precisar se adaptar a diferentes tamanhos de tela, também poderá obter a resolução da tela do script .