在同一主机上运行多个实例

为了回答您关于如何设置的直接问题，我和 Randy Melder 在 2011 年 5 月 31 日解决了这个问题。

DTest 和 Laurynas Biveinis 最近回答了这个问题（2011 年 9 月 20 日）。

如今，有些人对它的使用发誓。

多年前，mysql 曾经提供一个名为的脚本safe_mysqld，它使拥有多个 mysql 实例变得简单。您所做的只是在您想要的任何端口上为 what 实例创建一个 my.cnf。然后调用：

safe_mysqld custom_my.cnf

MySQL 停止分发 safe_mysqld 以支持 mysqld_multi。

但是，我已经学会了如何使用 mysqld_safe。信不信由你，因为了解 mysqld_safe，我实际上早在 2011 年 2 月就编写了自己的 mysql 多实例引擎。它现在正与我雇主的许多客户一起投入生产使用。这是我的做法：

首先，将这个服务引擎命名为 /etc/init.d/mysqlservice

#!/bin/bash

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

WHICH=/usr/bin/which
ECHO=`${WHICH} echo`
GREP=`${WHICH} grep`

#
#  Check for a four digit number greater than 3306
#  Make sure the my.cnf for the Port Number Exists
#
P1=${1}
if [ "${P1}" == "" ]
then
  ${ECHO} "Please Specify a Port Number for MySQL (3307 - 3399)"
  exit
fi
X=`${ECHO} "${P1}" | ${GREP} -c "^[Hh][Ee][Ll][Pp]$"`
if [ ${X} -eq 1 ]
then
  ${ECHO} "Usage: service mysqlservice <port-number [3307-3399]> {start|stop|restart|status|mycnf}"
  exit
fi
X=`${ECHO} "${P1}" | ${GREP} -c "^33[0-9][0-9]$"`
if [ ${X} -eq 0 ]
then
  ${ECHO} "Please Specify a Port Number for MySQL (3307 - 3399)"
  exit
fi
MYSQLD_PORT=${P1}
if [ ${MYSQLD_PORT} -lt 3307 ]
then
  ${ECHO} "Please Specify a Port Number for MySQL (3307 - 3399)"
  exit
fi
MYCNF=/etc/my${MYSQLD_PORT}.cnf
if [ ! -f ${MYCNF}  ]
then
  ${ECHO} "${MYCNF} Does Not Exist"
  exit
fi
MYCNF_BACKUP=${MYCNF}_backup

NOHUP=`${WHICH} nohup`
SLEEP=`${WHICH} sleep`
TAIL=`${WHICH} tail`
AWK=`${WHICH} awk`
CAT=`${WHICH} cat`
RM=`${WHICH} rm | ${TAIL} -1 | ${AWK} '{print $1}'`
MYSQLD_SAFE=`${WHICH} mysqld_safe`
MYSQLADMIN=`${WHICH} mysqladmin`
MYSQL=`${WHICH} mysql`
MYSQL_CONN="-uroot -p<rootpassword> -P${MYSQLD_PORT} -h127.0.0.1"
MYSQL_PING_FILE=/tmp/MySQL${MYSQLD_PORT}Ping.txt
MYSQL_STAT_FILE=/tmp/MySQL${MYSQLD_PORT}Status.txt
MYSQL_ERROR_LOG=/var/log/mysqld${MYSQLD_PORT}.log
MYSQLD_START="${MYSQLD_SAFE} --defaults-file=${MYCNF} --port=${MYSQLD_PORT}"
MYSQLD_STOP="${MYSQLADMIN} ${MYSQL_CONN} shutdown"
MYSQLD_PING="${MYSQLADMIN} ${MYSQL_CONN} ping"
PROGNAME="MySQL (Port ${MYSQLD_PORT})"

#
#       This service will use mysqld_safe to run mysql server instances on other ports
#

start() {
  cd /tmp
  ${ECHO} -n $"Starting ${PROGNAME}"
  ${NOHUP} ${MYSQLD_START} 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null &
  ATTEMPTS=0
  STARTING_MYSQLD=1
  MINUTES_TO_TRY=3
  (( TICKS_TO_TRY = MINUTES_TO_TRY*240 ))
  while [ ${STARTING_MYSQLD} -eq 1 ]
  do
    ${ECHO} -n "."
    ${SLEEP} 0.25
    READY_FOR_CONNECTIONS=`${TAIL} ${MYSQL_ERROR_LOG} | ${GREP} -c "ready for connections\.$"`
    (( ATTEMPTS++ ))
    if [ ${ATTEMPTS} -eq ${TICKS_TO_TRY} ] ; then STARTING_MYSQLD=0 ; fi
    if [ ${READY_FOR_CONNECTIONS}  -eq 1 ] ; then STARTING_MYSQLD=2 ; fi
  done
  ${ECHO}
  if [ ${STARTING_MYSQLD} -eq 2 ]
  then
    ${ECHO} "Started ${PROGNAME}"
  else
    ${TAIL} -30 ${MYSQL_ERROR_LOG}
  fi
}

stop() {
  ${ECHO} -n $"Stopping ${PROGNAME}"
  ${MYSQLD_STOP}
  ATTEMPTS=0
  STOPPING_MYSQLD=1
  MINUTES_TO_TRY=10
  (( TICKS_TO_TRY = MINUTES_TO_TRY*240 ))
  while [ ${STOPPING_MYSQLD} -eq 0 ]
  do
    ${ECHO} -n "."
    ${SLEEP} 0.25
    MYSQL_HAS_BEEN_SHUTDOWN=`${TAIL} ${MYSQL_ERROR_LOG} | ${GREP} -c "Shutdown complete$"`
    (( ATTEMPTS++ ))
    if [ ${ATTEMPTS} -eq ${TICKS_TO_TRY} ] ; then STOPPING_MYSQLD=0 ; fi
    if [ ${READY_FOR_CONNECTIONS}  -eq 1 ] ; then STOPPING_MYSQLD=2 ; fi
  done
  ${ECHO}
  if [ ${STOPPING_MYSQLD} -eq 2 ]
  then
    ${ECHO} "Stopped ${PROGNAME}"
  else
    ${TAIL} -30 ${MYSQL_ERROR_LOG}
  fi
}

# See how we were called.

${MYSQLD_PING} 2>/dev/null > ${MYSQL_PING_FILE}
MYSQL_RUNNING=`grep -c "mysqld is alive" ${MYSQL_PING_FILE}`
${RM} ${MYSQL_PING_FILE}

case "$2" in
  start)
    if [ ${MYSQL_RUNNING} -eq 0 ]
    then
      start
    else
      ${ECHO} ${PROGNAME} is Running
    fi
    ;;
  stop)
    if [ ${MYSQL_RUNNING} -eq 0 ]
    then
      ${ECHO} ${PROGNAME} is Not Running
    else
      stop
    fi
    ;;
  restart)
    stop
    ${SLEEP} 1
    start
    ;;
  status)
    if [ ${MYSQL_RUNNING} -eq 0 ]
    then
      ${ECHO} ${PROGNAME} is Not Running
    else
      ${MYSQL} ${MYSQL_CONN} -A -e"status" > ${MYSQL_PING_FILE}
      ${GREP} "Server version:" < ${MYSQL_PING_FILE}  > ${MYSQL_STAT_FILE}
      ${GREP} "UNIX socket:"    < ${MYSQL_PING_FILE} >> ${MYSQL_STAT_FILE}
      ${GREP} "Uptime:"   < ${MYSQL_PING_FILE} >> ${MYSQL_STAT_FILE}
      ${GREP} "Threads:"  < ${MYSQL_PING_FILE} >> ${MYSQL_STAT_FILE}
      ${CAT} ${MYSQL_STAT_FILE}
    fi
    ;;
  mycnf)
    less ${MYCNF}
    ;;
  edit)
    cp ${MYCNF} ${MYCNF_BACKUP}
    vi ${MYCNF}
    ;;
  *)
    ${ECHO} $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status|mycnf}"
    ${ECHO} $"Usage: $0 help"
    exit 1
esac

exit

接下来，为特定端口创建 mysql 实例文件。

例如，这里是服务 mysql3307

#!/bin/sh
#
# readahead:    Prereads programs required for startup into memory
#
# chkconfig: 2345 4 99
# description:  This service causes the programs used during startup \
#               to be loaded into memory before they are needed,\
#               thus improving startup performance
#
#

# Sanity checks.
[ -x /usr/sbin/readahead ] || exit 0

# Check for > 384 MB
#free -m | gawk '/Mem:/ {exit ($2 >= 384)?0:1}' || exit 0

# Source function library.
#. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

WHICH=/usr/bin/which
SERVICE=`${WHICH} service`

MYSQL=`${WHICH} mysql`
PORT_NUMBER=3307

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
    start)      ${SERVICE} mysqlservice ${PORT_NUMBER} start    ;;
    stop)       ${SERVICE} mysqlservice ${PORT_NUMBER} stop     ;;
    status)     ${SERVICE} mysqlservice ${PORT_NUMBER} status   ;;
    restart)    ${SERVICE} mysqlservice ${PORT_NUMBER} restart  ;;
    mycnf)      ${SERVICE} mysqlservice ${PORT_NUMBER} mycnf    ;;
    edit)       ${SERVICE} mysqlservice ${PORT_NUMBER} edit     ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status|mycnf}"
        ;;
esac

确保 mysql 实例文件的 PORT_NUMBER 中定义的端口号介于 3307 和 3399 之间。

由于 mysql 实例文件调用 mysqlservice，请注意 mysqlservice 将检查特定端口的配置文件。

对于 mysql3307，mysqlservice 会查找 /etc/my3307.cnf。

确保您在 /etc/my3307.cnf 中明确定义了以下内容

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql3307
socket=/var/lib/mysql3307/mysql.sock
port=3307

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld3307.log

datadir 和 socket 可以在您选择的位置。

要创建 mysql3308 和其他服务，遵循相同的范例，但使用始终定义的确切端口号。

试试看 ！！！

此链接可能会有所帮助：

我花了很多时间弄清楚如何在同一台机器上安装多个 mysql 实例。所以我想分享在同一台机器上设置多个 Mysql 的过程对于寻找此类手册的人很有用......