优化 GROUP BY、ORDER BY 以及多项 SUM 和 AVG 运算查询

我有这个查询，来自 TPCH-H 基准：

explain analyze select
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus,
    sum(l_quantity) as sum_qty,
    sum(l_extendedprice) as sum_base_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice*(1 - l_discount)) as sum_disc_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice*(1 - l_discount)*(1 + l_tax)) as sum_charge,
    avg(l_quantity) as avg_qty,
    avg(l_extendedprice) as avg_price,
    avg(l_discount) as avg_disc,
    count(*) as count_order
from
    lineitem
where
    l_shipdate<='31/08/1998'
GROUP by
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus
ORDER by
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus

返回这个：

"Finalize GroupAggregate  (cost=2300777.06..2300779.00 rows=6 width=212) (actual time=38289.923..38290.426 rows=4 loops=1)"
"  Group Key: l_returnflag, l_linestatus"
"  ->  Gather Merge  (cost=2300777.06..2300778.46 rows=12 width=212) (actual time=38289.907..38290.390 rows=12 loops=1)"
"        Workers Planned: 2"
"        Workers Launched: 2"
"        ->  Sort  (cost=2299777.04..2299777.05 rows=6 width=212) (actual time=38284.169..38284.169 rows=4 loops=3)"
"              Sort Key: l_returnflag, l_linestatus"
"              Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 27kB"
"              Worker 0:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 27kB"
"              Worker 1:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 27kB"
"              ->  Partial HashAggregate  (cost=2299776.84..2299776.96 rows=6 width=212) (actual time=38284.129..38284.133 rows=4 loops=3)"
"                    Group Key: l_returnflag, l_linestatus"
"                    Batches: 1  Memory Usage: 24kB"
"                    Worker 0:  Batches: 1  Memory Usage: 24kB"
"                    Worker 1:  Batches: 1  Memory Usage: 24kB"
"                    ->  Parallel Seq Scan on lineitem  (cost=0.00..1493832.54 rows=21491848 width=24) (actual time=0.281..29321.949 rows=17236798 loops=3)"
"                          Filter: (l_shipdate <= '1998-08-31'::date)"
"                          Rows Removed by Filter: 256933"
"Planning Time: 3.870 ms"
"Execution Time: 38290.784 ms"

它涉及这种关系：

CREATE TABLE LINEITEM
 ( 
L_ORDERKEY INTEGER REFERENCES ORDERS(O_ORDERKEY),
L_PARTKEY INTEGER REFERENCES PART(P_PARTKEY),
L_SUPPKEY INTEGER REFERENCES SUPPLIER(S_SUPPKEY),
L_LINENUMBER INTEGER,
L_QUANTITY INTEGER,
L_EXTENDEDPRICE NUMERIC (12,2),
L_DISCOUNT NUMERIC (12,2),
L_TAX NUMERIC (12,2),
L_RETURNFLAG CHAR (1),
L_LINESTATUS CHAR (1),
L_SHIPDATE DATE ,
L_COMMITDATE DATE ,
L_RECEIPTDATE DATE ,
L_SHIPINSTRUCT CHAR (25),
L_SHIPMODE CHAR (10),
L_COMMENT CHAR (44),
L_PARTSUPPKEY CHAR (20) REFERENCES PARTSUPP(PS_PARTSUPPKEY)
) 

如您所见，它大约需要 40 秒，我想对此进行优化。我在列上添加了一个 b 树索引L_SHIPDATE（排序顺序 ASC 和最后一个 NULL）。

• 我怎样才能做得更好？

正如您在此处看到的，优化器没有使用索引，l_shipdate因此他更喜欢顺序扫描lineitem表。