我怎样才能知道什么数据库/过程正在使用链接服务器？

好吧，您可以解析服务器 A 上的过程（只要它们未加密）和作业，以查找链接服务器的名称 - 但请记住，这些请求可以通过应用程序传入，来自 ad hoc SQL，动态构建等，所以这不会捕获所有内容。如果链接的服务器名称是可能在代码或注释中自然找到的常用术语，这也会产生误报。

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'', 
  @p NVARCHAR(MAX), 
  @linked_server SYSNAME = N'%linked_server_name%';

SET @p = N' UNION ALL SELECT N''$db$'', s.name,
   o.name FROM $db$.sys.sql_modules AS p
   INNER JOIN $db$.sys.objects AS o
   ON p.[object_id] = o.[object_id]
   INNER JOIN $db$.sys.schemas AS s
   ON o.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
  WHERE p.definition LIKE @lsn';

SELECT @sql = @sql + REPLACE(@p, N'$db$', QUOTENAME(name))
  FROM sys.databases; -- may want to filter out system dbs, offline, etc

SET @sql = STUFF(@sql, 1, 11, N'') + N';';

EXEC sys.sp_executesql @sql, N'@lsn SYSNAME', @linked_server;

SELECT j.name FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs AS j
  INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps AS s
  ON j.job_id = s.job_id
  WHERE s.command LIKE @linked_server;

当然，您可能需要先寻找同义词：

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'', 
  @p NVARCHAR(MAX), 
  @synonym_prefix SYSNAME = N'[linked_server_name].%';

SET @p = N' UNION ALL SELECT N''$db$'', s.name, o.name
   FROM $db$.sys.synonyms AS o
   INNER JOIN $db$.sys.schemas AS s
   ON o.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
  WHERE s.base_object_name LIKE @spre';

SELECT @sql = @sql + REPLACE(@p, N'$db$', QUOTENAME(name))
  FROM sys.databases; -- may want to filter out system dbs, offline, etc

SET @sql = STUFF(@sql, 1, 11, N'') + N';';

EXEC sys.sp_executesql @sql, N'@spre SYSNAME', @synonym_prefix;

然后使用这些同义词名称而不是'linked_server_name'上面的。

我使用我开发的这个脚本来帮助我查找链接服务器引用，但可以用来查找多个对象中的任何文本字符串。

/*********************************
    Name: Text Searcher
    Author: Jonathan Fite
    Created: 1/16/2015

    Purpose: To enable one to more easily search for objects by an indicated string.

    Usage: 
        - Update the "Where To Search" section to turn on or off various sections.
        - Craft an insert statement to populate "@ObjectsToSearchFor" with the text you
            want to look for.  
        - Execute.

    NOTE: This works recursively (in a fashion).  The first execution gets just what you are
    looking for.  But if you execute it again without explicitly dropping the "#SearchResults" table
    then it will run again, but this time looking for references to the objects it found in the first pass.

    This is useful when you are trying to find out what is using a linked server.  So you get the name of the 
    linked server (and it's host name) and run a search on that.  It tells you a handful of objects.  You then run
    it again, but this time looking for those objects (say, in other stored procedures or in SSIS/Jobs).  

    CAUTION: If you want to use the recursive functionality, you will need to save off the results FIRST.  

        DROP TABLE #SearchResults

    -Linked Server Query (finds all references to linked servers as configured, as well as all variations
        that would allow for accessing a remote server without using a linked server.

        INSERT INTO @ObjectsToSearchFor
        (TextString)
        SELECT srvname FROM sys.sysservers WHERE srvname <> @@SERVERNAME 
        UNION
        SELECT datasource FROM sys.sysservers WHERE srvname <> @@SERVERNAME
        UNION
        SELECT srvnetname FROM sys.sysservers WHERE srvnetname <> @@SERVERNAME
        UNION
        SELECT 'OPENROWSET'
        UNION
        SELECT 'OPENQUERY'
        UNION 
        SELECT 'OPENDATASOURCE'


**********************************/

--To hide row counts and make the print statements easier to see.
SET NOCOUNT ON

/** Where To Search **/
DECLARE @SearchSSIS BIT = 1
DECLARE @SearchObjectNames BIT = 1
DECLARE @SearchObjectDefinition BIT = 1
DECLARE @SearchAgentJobs BIT = 1

/** What are you looking for? **/
DECLARE @ObjectsToSearchFor TABLE
    (
    TextString VARCHAR(200) NULL
    )

INSERT INTO @ObjectsToSearchFor
(TextString)
SELECT srvname FROM sys.sysservers WHERE srvname <> @@SERVERNAME 
UNION
SELECT datasource FROM sys.sysservers WHERE srvname <> @@SERVERNAME
UNION
SELECT srvnetname FROM sys.sysservers WHERE srvnetname <> @@SERVERNAME
UNION
SELECT 'OPENROWSET'
UNION
SELECT 'OPENQUERY'
UNION 
SELECT 'OPENDATASOURCE'

/*************************************************************************************************************************
    Shouldn't need to mess with anything below this line.
**************************************************************************************************************************/

/** Handle Recursion on #SearchResults.
    Remember to save your data first!

    If you don't want recursion, explitly drop #SearchResults between executions.
    **/
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#SearchResults') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN

    DELETE FROM @ObjectsToSearchFor 

    --This allows for successive iterations to search for objects which reference objects which reference....
    INSERT INTO @ObjectsToSearchFor
    (TextString)
    SELECT DISTINCT ObjectName
    FROM #SearchResults 
    WHERE LocationFound IN ('sys.sql_modules')
        AND ObjectName IS NOT NULL 

    SET @SearchObjectNames = 0

    DROP TABLE #SearchResults 

END

CREATE TABLE #SearchResults
    (
    DatabaseName SYSNAME NULL
    , ObjectName SYSNAME NULL
    , LocationFound VARCHAR(100) NULL
    , MatchedOn VARCHAR(200) NULL
    , Misc VARCHAR(100) NULL
    )

/** Various declarations to hold results. **/
DECLARE @SearchTerm VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @DatabaseName SYSNAME
DECLARE @Query NVARCHAR(4000)

-- Loop through search terms.
DECLARE curSearch CURSOR LOCAL STATIC FORWARD_ONLY
FOR SELECT O.TextString
    FROM @ObjectsToSearchFor O

OPEN curSearch

FETCH NEXT FROM curSearch
INTO @SearchTerm

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

    --Begin Searching.
    PRINT ('Looking for: ' + @SearchTerm)

    /** This will loop over every database, only do it if you need it. **/
    IF(@SearchObjectDefinition = 1 OR @SearchObjectNames = 1)
    BEGIN

        DECLARE curDatabases CURSOR LOCAL STATIC FORWARD_ONLY
        FOR SELECT D.name
            FROM sys.sysdatabases D
            ORDER BY D.name 

        OPEN curDatabases

        FETCH NEXT FROM curDatabases 
        INTO @DatabaseName 

        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
        BEGIN

            --Look for object name matching...
            IF(@SearchObjectNames = 1)
            BEGIN

                SET @Query = 'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@DatabaseName) + ';'
                    + 'INSERT INTO #SearchResults'
                    + ' SELECT DB_NAME()'
                    + ', O.name'
                    + ', ' + QUOTENAME('sys.objects', '''')
                    + ', ' + QUOTENAME(@SearchTerm, '''')
                    + ', O.type_desc'
                    + ' FROM sys.objects O (NOLOCK)'
                    + ' WHERE LOWER(O.name) LIKE ' + QUOTENAME('%' + LOWER(@SearchTerm) + '%', '''')

                EXEC sp_executesql @Query 

                SET @Query = 'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@DatabaseName) + ';'
                    + 'INSERT INTO #SearchResults'
                    + ' SELECT DB_NAME()'
                    + ', C.name'
                    + ', ' + QUOTENAME('sys.columns', '''')
                    + ', ' + QUOTENAME(@SearchTerm, '''')
                    + ', O.name + O.type_desc'
                    + ' FROM sys.columns C (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON O.[object_id] = C.[object_id]'
                    + ' WHERE LOWER(C.name) LIKE ' + QUOTENAME('%' + LOWER(@SearchTerm) + '%', '''')

                EXEC sp_executesql @Query 

            END --Looking for object names.

            --Look for definitions.
            --Find objects that have the string in question listed, but ignore where the name is what is being searched for.
            IF(@SearchObjectDefinition = 1)
            BEGIN

                SET @Query = 'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@DatabaseName) + ';'
                    + 'INSERT INTO #SearchResults'
                    + ' SELECT DB_NAME()'
                    + ', O.name'
                    + ', ' + QUOTENAME('sys.sql_modules', '''')
                    + ', ' + QUOTENAME(@SearchTerm, '''')
                    + ', O.type_desc'
                    + ' FROM sys.sql_modules M (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON O.[object_id] = M.[object_id]'
                    + ' WHERE LOWER(M.[definition]) LIKE ' + QUOTENAME('%' + LOWER(@SearchTerm) + '%', '''')
                    + ' AND NOT(LOWER(O.name) = LOWER(' + QUOTENAME(@SearchTerm, '''') + '))'

                EXEC sp_executesql @Query 

            END --Looking for object definitions.

            --Get next database
            FETCH NEXT FROM curDatabases
            INTO @DatabaseName

        END

        CLOSE curDatabases
        DEALLOCATE curDatabases 


    END

    --Look in SSIS packages.
    IF(@SearchSSIS = 1)
    BEGIN

        ;WITH SSISFolders AS
        (
        SELECT pf.folderid
            , pf.parentfolderid
            , CAST(pf.foldername AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS foldername
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysssispackagefolders pf (NOLOCK)
        WHERE pf.parentfolderid IS NULL 
        UNION ALL
        SELECT pf.folderid
            , pf.parentfolderid
            , Parent.foldername + '\' + ISNULL(CAST(pf.foldername AS VARCHAR(MAX)), '') AS foldername
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysssispackagefolders pf (NOLOCK)
            INNER JOIN SSISFolders Parent ON Parent.folderid = pf.parentfolderid 
        )
        INSERT INTO #SearchResults
        SELECT NULL
            , ISNULL(F.foldername, '') + '\' + CAST(ISNULL(S.name, '') AS VARCHAR(MAX))
            , 'msdb.dbo.syssispackages'
            , @SearchTerm
            , NULL 
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysssispackages S (NOLOCK)
            LEFT OUTER JOIN SSISFolders F (NOLOCK) ON F.folderid = S.folderid 
        WHERE LOWER(CAST(CAST(CAST(CAST(packagedata AS VARBINARY(MAX)) AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS XML) AS VARCHAR(MAX))) LIKE ('%' + @SearchTerm + '%')

    END

    --Look in SQL Agent Jobs
    IF(@SearchAgentJobs = 1)
    BEGIN

        --Job Name
        INSERT INTO #SearchResults
        SELECT NULL
            , J.name
            , 'msdb.dbo.sysjobs'
            , @SearchTerm
            , 'Job Name'
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs J (NOLOCK)
        WHERE LOWER(J.name) LIKE ('%' + @SearchTerm + '%')

        --Job Description
        INSERT INTO #SearchResults
        SELECT NULL
            , J.name
            , 'msdb.dbo.sysjobs'
            , @SearchTerm
            , 'Job Description'
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs J (NOLOCK)
        WHERE LOWER(J.[description]) LIKE ('%' + @SearchTerm + '%')

        --Step Name.
        INSERT INTO #SearchResults
        SELECT NULL
            , (ISNULL(J.name, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(S.step_name, '') + ' (' + CAST(S.step_id AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')')
            , 'msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps'
            , @SearchTerm 
            , 'Step Name'
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps S (NOLOCK)
            INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs J (NOLOCK) ON J.job_id = S.job_id
        WHERE LOWER(S.step_name) LIKE ('%' + @SearchTerm + '%')

        --Step Code.

        INSERT INTO #SearchResults
        SELECT NULL
            , (ISNULL(J.name, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(S.step_name, '') + ' (' + CAST(S.step_id AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')')
            , 'msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps'
            , @SearchTerm 
            , 'Step Code'
        FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps S (NOLOCK)
            INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs J (NOLOCK) ON J.job_id = S.job_id
        WHERE LOWER(S.command) LIKE ('%' + @SearchTerm + '%')

    END --End Looking at Jobs.

    --Get next search term.
    FETCH NEXT FROM curSearch
    INTO @SearchTerm

END

--Cleanup.
CLOSE curSearch
DEALLOCATE curSearch 


/***************** Display Output **********************************/

--Display search terms.
SELECT O.TextString
    , COUNT(S.MatchedOn) AS MatchCount 
FROM @ObjectsToSearchFor O
    LEFT OUTER JOIN #SearchResults S ON S.MatchedOn = O.TextString
GROUP BY O.TextString 

--Display search results.
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM #SearchResults