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Andrew Simpson
Asked: 2024-11-10 16:40:04 +0800 CST

为什么“iwconfig”两次给我相同的 ESSID，但质量和信号却不同

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使用 Raspberry Pi Zero 2 和 Debian。我正在尝试使用 iwconfig 理解/解密输出。仔细研究我自己的路由器的结果，我可以看到使用该命令会给我两次 ESSID，但质量和信号属性不同。为什么？

BSS 5c:62:8b:ca:2e:9c(on wlan0)
    last seen: 1537.955s [boottime]
    TSF: 0 usec (0d, 00:00:00)
    freq: 2432
    beacon interval: 100 TUs
    capability: ESS Privacy ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime RadioMeasure (0x1431)
    signal: -28.00 dBm
    last seen: 0 ms ago
    SSID: dev
    Supported rates: 1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 11.0* 6.0 9.0 12.0 18.0 
    DS Parameter set: channel 5
    Country: DE Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
        Channels [1 - 13] @ 20 dBm
    TPC report: TX power: 18 dBm
    ERP: <no flags>
    Extended supported rates: 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 
    RSN:     * Version: 1
         * Group cipher: CCMP
         * Pairwise ciphers: CCMP
         * Authentication suites: PSK
         * Capabilities: 16-PTKSA-RC 1-GTKSA-RC (0x000c)
    RM enabled capabilities:
        Capabilities: 0x73 0xd0 0x00 0x00 0x0c
            Link Measurement
            Neighbor Report
            Beacon Passive Measurement
            Beacon Active Measurement
            Beacon Table Measurement
            LCI Measurement
            Transmit Stream/Category Measurement
            Triggered Transmit Stream/Category
            FTM Range Report
            Civic Location Measurement
        Nonoperating Channel Max Measurement Duration: 0
        Measurement Pilot Capability: 4
    HT capabilities:
        Capabilities: 0x19ef
            RX LDPC
            HT20/HT40
            SM Power Save disabled
            RX HT20 SGI
            RX HT40 SGI
            TX STBC
            RX STBC 1-stream
            Max AMSDU length: 7935 bytes
            DSSS/CCK HT40
        Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003)
        Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: No restriction (0x00)
        HT TX/RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15
    HT operation:
         * primary channel: 5
         * secondary channel offset: above
         * STA channel width: any
         * RIFS: 0
         * HT protection: no
         * non-GF present: 0
         * OBSS non-GF present: 0
         * dual beacon: 0
         * dual CTS protection: 0
         * STBC beacon: 0
         * L-SIG TXOP Prot: 0
         * PCO active: 0
         * PCO phase: 0
    Extended capabilities:
         * Extended Channel Switching
         * TFS
         * WNM-Sleep Mode
         * TIM Broadcast
         * BSS Transition
         * SSID List
         * Operating Mode Notification
         * Max Number Of MSDUs In A-MSDU is unlimited
    VHT capabilities:
        VHT Capabilities (0x33817992):
            Max MPDU length: 11454
            Supported Channel Width: neither 160 nor 80+80
            RX LDPC
            TX STBC
            SU Beamformer
            SU Beamformee
            RX antenna pattern consistency
            TX antenna pattern consistency
        VHT RX MCS set:
            1 streams: MCS 0-9
            2 streams: MCS 0-9
            3 streams: not supported
            4 streams: not supported
            5 streams: not supported
            6 streams: not supported
            7 streams: not supported
            8 streams: not supported
        VHT RX highest supported: 0 Mbps
        VHT TX MCS set:
            1 streams: MCS 0-9
            2 streams: MCS 0-9
            3 streams: not supported
            4 streams: not supported
            5 streams: not supported
            6 streams: not supported
            7 streams: not supported
            8 streams: not supported
        VHT TX highest supported: 0 Mbps
    VHT operation:
         * channel width: 0 (20 or 40 MHz)
         * center freq segment 1: 7
         * center freq segment 2: 0
         * VHT basic MCS set: 0xfffc
    WMM:     * Parameter version 1
         * u-APSD
         * BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3
         * BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7
         * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
         * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
    WPS:     * Version: 1.0
         * Wi-Fi Protected Setup State: 2 (Configured)
         * Response Type: 3 (AP)
         * UUID: bb16fd7a-0e68-4333-b713-5c628bca2e9a
         * Manufacturer: TP-Link
         * Model: Deco XE75
         * Model Number: Deco XE75
         * Serial Number: 0
         * Primary Device Type: 6-0050f204-1
         * Device name: Whole-home Wi-Fi
         * Config methods:
         * RF Bands: 0x3
         * Version2: 2.0
BSS 5c:62:8b:ca:2e:9d(on wlan0)
    last seen: 1537.955s [boottime]
    TSF: 0 usec (0d, 00:00:00)
    freq: 5180
    beacon interval: 100 TUs
    capability: ESS Privacy SpectrumMgmt ShortSlotTime RadioMeasure (0x1511)
    signal: -37.00 dBm
    last seen: 0 ms ago
    SSID: dev
    Supported rates: 6.0* 9.0 12.0* 18.0 24.0* 36.0 48.0 54.0 
    DS Parameter set: channel 36
    Country: DE Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
        Channels [36 - 36] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [40 - 40] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [44 - 44] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [48 - 48] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [52 - 52] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [56 - 56] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [60 - 60] @ 23 dBm
        Channels [64 - 64] @ 23 dBm
    Power constraint: 3 dB
    TPC report: TX power: 22 dBm
    RSN:     * Version: 1
         * Group cipher: CCMP
         * Pairwise ciphers: CCMP
         * Authentication suites: PSK
         * Capabilities: 16-PTKSA-RC 1-GTKSA-RC (0x000c)
    RM enabled capabilities:
        Capabilities: 0x73 0xd0 0x00 0x00 0x0c
            Link Measurement
            Neighbor Report
            Beacon Passive Measurement
            Beacon Active Measurement
            Beacon Table Measurement
            LCI Measurement
            Transmit Stream/Category Measurement
            Triggered Transmit Stream/Category
            FTM Range Report
            Civic Location Measurement
        Nonoperating Channel Max Measurement Duration: 0
        Measurement Pilot Capability: 4
    HT capabilities:
        Capabilities: 0x9ef
            RX LDPC
            HT20/HT40
            SM Power Save disabled
            RX HT20 SGI
            RX HT40 SGI
            TX STBC
            RX STBC 1-stream
            Max AMSDU length: 7935 bytes
            No DSSS/CCK HT40
        Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003)
        Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: No restriction (0x00)
        HT TX/RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15
    HT operation:
         * primary channel: 36
         * secondary channel offset: above
         * STA channel width: any
         * RIFS: 0
         * HT protection: no
         * non-GF present: 1
         * OBSS non-GF present: 0
         * dual beacon: 0
         * dual CTS protection: 0
         * STBC beacon: 0
         * L-SIG TXOP Prot: 0
         * PCO active: 0
         * PCO phase: 0
    Extended capabilities:
         * Extended Channel Switching
         * TFS
         * WNM-Sleep Mode
         * TIM Broadcast
         * BSS Transition
         * SSID List
         * Operating Mode Notification
         * Max Number Of MSDUs In A-MSDU is unlimited
    VHT capabilities:
        VHT Capabilities (0x3381f9f6):
            Max MPDU length: 11454
            Supported Channel Width: 160 MHz
            RX LDPC
            short GI (80 MHz)
            short GI (160/80+80 MHz)
            TX STBC
            SU Beamformer
            SU Beamformee
            RX antenna pattern consistency
            TX antenna pattern consistency
        VHT RX MCS set:
            1 streams: MCS 0-9
            2 streams: MCS 0-9
            3 streams: not supported
            4 streams: not supported
            5 streams: not supported
            6 streams: not supported
            7 streams: not supported
            8 streams: not supported
        VHT RX highest supported: 0 Mbps
        VHT TX MCS set:
            1 streams: MCS 0-9
            2 streams: MCS 0-9
            3 streams: not supported
            4 streams: not supported
            5 streams: not supported
            6 streams: not supported
            7 streams: not supported
            8 streams: not supported
        VHT TX highest supported: 0 Mbps
    VHT operation:
         * channel width: 1 (80 MHz)
         * center freq segment 1: 42
         * center freq segment 2: 50
         * VHT basic MCS set: 0xfffc
    Transmit Power Envelope:
         * Local Maximum Transmit Power For 20 MHz: 23 dBm
         * Local Maximum Transmit Power For 40 MHz: 23 dBm
         * Local Maximum Transmit Power For 80 MHz: 23 dBm
         * Local Maximum Transmit Power For 160/80+80 MHz: 23 dBm
    WMM:     * Parameter version 1
         * u-APSD
         * BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3
         * BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7
         * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
         * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
    WPS:     * Version: 1.0
         * Wi-Fi Protected Setup State: 2 (Configured)
         * Response Type: 3 (AP)
         * UUID: bb16fd7a-0e68-4333-b713-5c628bca2e9a
         * Manufacturer: TP-Link
         * Model: Deco XE75
         * Model Number: Deco XE75
         * Serial Number: 0
         * Primary Device Type: 6-0050f204-1
         * Device name: Whole-home Wi-Fi
         * Config methods:
         * RF Bands: 0x3
         * Version2: 2.0
wireless-networking

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    由于它们位于同一频段，因此看起来它们是两个不同的接入点 - 具有不同的 BSSID 即 MAC 地址 - 提供对同一网络的访问。

    标准做法是，将彼此范围内的多个 AP 设置为提供相同的 ESSID，尽管每次设置时它们都必须指向相同的 LAN（相同的子网）。（如果它们提供对独立但名称相同的网络的访问，则配置错误，因为设备在两个 AP 之间漫游时会感到困惑。）

    RSSI 信号强度表明第一个可能是你邻居的，或者可能是你自己在不同楼层的“WiFi 扩展器”等等。

    我建议使用更现代的版本iw wlan0 scan。它使用标准的 Linux nl80211 API，而不是过时的 WEXT API，但更有用的是，它知道如何解码旧 iwconfig 放弃的所有信息元素 ('IE')。

    • 5

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