如何仅使用脚本创建桌面快捷方式并放置在桌面上的特定位置

这是相当复杂的，因为使用像桌面这样的资源管理器视图需要使用几个不支持脚本的 COM 对象，但可以在 PowerShell 中通过在某些嵌入式 C# 中声明本机函数和结构的 .NET 表示来完成。基于这篇 Raymond Chen 的文章，我写了这个脚本：

Param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$ShortcutTitle,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][int]$IconX,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][int]$IconY,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$TargetPath,
    [Parameter()][string]$Arguments = '',
    [Parameter()][string]$WorkingDirectory = ''
)

# Declarations of COM interfaces, functions, and structures for interfacing with the shell
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct POINT {
    public int x;
    public int y;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct STRRET {
    int uType;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 260)]
    byte[] cStr;
}

public class PInvoke {
    [DllImport("Shlwapi.dll")]
    public static extern int StrRetToStrW(ref STRRET pstr, IntPtr pidl, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] ref string ppsz);
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("6d5140c1-7436-11ce-8034-00aa006009fa")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface ComServiceProvider {
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)]
    Object QueryService(ref Guid guidService, ref Guid riid);
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("000214e2-0000-0000-c000-000000000046")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IShellBrowser {
    IntPtr GetWindow();
    void UnusedContextSensitiveHelp();
    void UnusedInsertMenusSB();
    void UnusedSetMenuSB();
    void UnusedRemoveMenusSB();
    void UnusedSetStatusTextSB();
    void UnusedEnableModelessSB();
    void UnusedTranslateAcceleratorSB();
    void UnusedBrowseObject();
    void UnusedGetViewStateStream();
    void UnusedGetControlWindow();
    void UnusedSendControlMsg();
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)]
    Object QueryActiveShellView();
    void UnusedOnViewWindowActive();
    void UnusedSetToolbarItems();
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("1af3a467-214f-4298-908e-06b03e0b39f9")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IFolderView2 {
    void UnusedGetCurrentViewMode();
    void UnusedSetCurrentViewMode();
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)]
    Object GetFolder(ref Guid riid);
    IntPtr Item(int iItemIndex);
    int ItemCount(int uFlags);
    void UnusedItems();
    void UnusedGetSelectionMarkedItem();
    void UnusedGetFocusedItem();
    POINT GetItemPosition(IntPtr pidl);
    void UnusedGetSpacing();
    void UnusedGetDefaultSpacing();
    void UnusedGetAutoArrange();
    void UnusedSelectItem();
    void SelectAndPositionItems(int cidl, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] IntPtr[] apidl, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] POINT[] apt, int dwFlags);
    void UnusedSetGroupBy();
    void UnusedGetGroupBy();
    void UnusedSetViewProperty();
    void UnusedGetViewProperty();
    void UnusedSetTileViewProperties();
    void UnusedSetExtendedTileViewProperties();
    void UnusedSetText();
    void SetCurrentFolderFlags(int dwMask, int dwFlags);
    int GetCurrentFolderFlags();
    void UnusedGetSortColumnCount();
    void UnusedSetSortColumns();
    void UnusedGetSortColumns();
    void UnusedGetItem();
    void UnusedGetVisibleItem();
    void UnusedGetSelectedItem();
    void UnusedGetSelection();
    void UnusedGetSelectionState();
    void UnusedInvokeVerbOnSelection();
    void UnusedSetViewModeAndIconSize();
    void UnusedGetViewModeAndIconSize();
    void UnusedSetGroupSubsetCount();
    void UnusedGetGroupSubsetCount();
    void UnusedSetRedraw();
    void UnusedIsMoveInSameFolder();
    void UnusedDoRename();
}

[ComImport]
[Guid("000214e6-0000-0000-c000-000000000046")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface IShellFolder {
    void UnusedParseDisplayName();
    void UnusedEnumObjects();
    void UnusedBindToObject();
    void UnusedBindToStorage();
    void UnusedCompareIDs();
    void UnusedCreateViewObject();
    void UnusedGetAttributesOf();
    void UnusedGetUIObjectOf();
    STRRET GetDisplayNameOf(IntPtr pidl, int uFlags);
    void UnusedSetNameOf();
}
"@

# Find the desktop window
$shellWindowsType = [type]::GetTypeFromCLSID('9ba05972-f6a8-11cf-a442-00a0c90a8f39')
$shellWindows = [activator]::CreateInstance($shellWindowsType)
$csidlDesktop = 0
$empty = $null
$desktopWindow = $shellWindows.FindWindowSW([ref]$csidlDesktop, [ref]$empty, 8, 0, 1)
$shellBrowser = [ComServiceProvider].GetMethod('QueryService').Invoke($desktopWindow, @([guid]'4c96be40-915c-11cf-99d3-00aa004ae837', [guid]'000214e2-0000-0000-c000-000000000046'))
$folderView = [IShellBrowser].GetMethod('QueryActiveShellView').Invoke($shellBrowser, @())
# Uncheck "auto arrange icons" so icons can be moved
[IFolderView2].GetMethod('SetCurrentFolderFlags').Invoke($folderView, @(1, 0))
# Note how many icons were displayed before so we can know when the new one appeared
$iconCount = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('ItemCount').Invoke($folderView, @(0))

# Determine the path for the new shortcut
$wshShell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
$desktopPath = $wshShell.SpecialFolders('Desktop')
$lnkPath = "$desktopPath\$ShortcutTitle.lnk"
If (-not (Test-Path $lnkPath)) {
    # If it doesn't already exist, create it with the WScript API
    $shortcut = $wshShell.CreateShortcut($lnkPath)
    $shortcut.TargetPath = $TargetPath
    $shortcut.Arguments = $Arguments
    $shortcut.WorkingDirectory = $WorkingDirectory
    $shortcut.Save()
    # Refresh the desktop and wait for Explorer to add an icon for the new shortcut
    $desktopWindow.Refresh()
    $newIconCount = $iconCount + 1
    $tries = 0
    While ($iconCount -lt $newIconCount -and $tries -lt 30) {
        $iconCount = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('ItemCount').Invoke($folderView, @(0))
        $tries += 1
        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
    }
}

# Get a representation of the folder that allows reading item names
$shellFolder = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('GetFolder').Invoke($folderView, @([guid]'000214e6-0000-0000-c000-000000000046'))
# Iterate over the icons to find the new one
0..($iconCount - 1) | % {
    # Get the ID and name of this icon
    $pidl = [IFolderView2].GetMethod('Item').Invoke($folderView, @([int]$_))
    $strret = [IShellFolder].GetMethod('GetDisplayNameOf').Invoke($shellFolder, @($pidl, 0x1000))
    $name = ''
    If ([PInvoke]::StrRetToStrW([ref]$strret, $pidl, [ref]$name) -eq 0) {
        If ($name -eq $ShortcutTitle) {
            # If it's the one we made, set its position
            $point = [POINT]::new()
            $point.x = $IconX
            $point.y = $IconY
            [IFolderView2].GetMethod('SelectAndPositionItems').Invoke($folderView, @(1, [IntPtr[]]@($pidl), [POINT[]]@($point), 128))
            # No need to look at the remaining icons - exit the script
            Break
        }
    }
}

WScript.Shell如果快捷方式不存在，它会使用经典脚本组件来创建快捷方式，然后使用 shell COM API 来查找和重新定位快捷方式。

例如，如果那个大脚本被保存为positionedshortcut.ps1，下面的命令会在 (1000, 400) 附近创建一个名为“Friendly Shell”的有点傻的快捷方式，它会启动一个带有问候语的命令提示符。如果已经存在具有该名称的快捷方式，它将被移回该位置，但不会更改。

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -c .\positionedshortcut.ps1 -ShortcutTitle 'Friendly Shell' -IconX 1000 -IconY 400 -TargetPath 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe' -Arguments '/k echo Hi there!'

要设置其他快捷方式属性，请像平常一样操作$shortcut对象。新坐标以$point像素为单位；如果您需要适应不同的屏幕尺寸，您也可以从脚本中获取屏幕分辨率。