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bluesquare
Asked: 2020-11-05 11:03:24 +0800 CST

Powershell -command 和 -argumentlist 有什么区别？

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所以我想把这个文件复制到程序文件中，它需要像这样（必须右键单击，以管理员身份运行）：

Copy-Item \\Poplar\SuperSound -Destination 'C:\Program Files\' -Force -Recurse

但我需要在 powershell 脚本中使用它。

我可以提升的通常方法是：

powershell -command "install_bananas.bat" -Verb runas

但是当我运行时：

powershell -command "Copy-Item \\Zuul\IT\ffmpeg -Destination 'C:\Program Files\' -Force -Recurse" -Verb runas

...咳出了一个错误：

Copy-Item : A positional parameter cannot be found that accepts argument 'runas'.

因此，我必须将 -argumentlist 与 Start-Process 一起使用：

Start-Process powershell -Verb runas -argumentlist "Copy-Item \\Poplar\SuperSound -Destination 'C:\Program Files\' -Force -Recurse"

所以我猜 argumentlist 仅由 Start-Process 使用。

那么什么是powershell -command与Start-Process powershell -argumentlist那么当它必须运行多参数命令时为什么会遇到 -Verb runas 问题，例如：

Copy-Item A -Destination B

?

注意：我认为是时候买一本 Powershell 书了。

powershell command-line

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    虽然得到一本书会给你一些东西，但首先要访问帮助文件，因为它们是免费的并且就在你面前。 ;-}

    # Get specifics for a module, cmdlet, or function
(Get-Command -Name Start-Process).Parameters
(Get-Command -Name Start-Process).Parameters.Keys
# Results
<#
FilePath
ArgumentList
Credential
WorkingDirectory
LoadUserProfile
NoNewWindow
PassThru
RedirectStandardError
RedirectStandardInput
RedirectStandardOutput
Verb
WindowStyle
Wait
UseNewEnvironment
Verbose
Debug
ErrorAction
WarningAction
InformationAction
ErrorVariable
WarningVariable
InformationVariable
OutVariable
OutBuffer
PipelineVariable
#>

Get-help -Name Start-Process -Examples
# Results
<#
Start-Process -FilePath "sort.exe"
Start-Process -FilePath "myfile.txt" -WorkingDirectory "C:\PS-Test" -Verb Print
Start-Process -FilePath "Sort.exe" -RedirectStandardInput "Testsort.txt" -RedirectStandardOutput "Sorted.txt" -RedirectStandardError 
Start-Process -FilePath "notepad" -Wait -WindowStyle Maximized
Start-Process -FilePath "powershell" -Verb runAs
$startExe = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo -Args PowerShell.exe
$startExe.verbs
Start-Process -FilePath "powershell.exe" -Verb open
Start-Process -FilePath "powershell.exe" -Verb runas

#>
Get-help -Name Start-Process -Full
Get-help -Name Start-Process -Online


powershell /?
# Results
<#

PowerShell[.exe] [-PSConsoleFile <file> | -Version <version>]
    [-NoLogo] [-NoExit] [-Sta] [-Mta] [-NoProfile] [-NonInteractive]
    [-InputFormat {Text | XML}] [-OutputFormat {Text | XML}]
    [-WindowStyle <style>] [-EncodedCommand <Base64EncodedCommand>]
    [-ConfigurationName <string>]
    [-File <filePath> <args>] [-ExecutionPolicy <ExecutionPolicy>]
    [-Command { - | <script-block> [-args <arg-array>]
                  | <string> [<CommandParameters>] } ]

...

-Command
    Executes the specified commands (and any parameters) as though they were
    typed at the Windows PowerShell command prompt, and then exits, unless 
    NoExit is specified. The value of Command can be "-", a string. or a
    script block.

    If the value of Command is "-", the command text is read from standard
    input.

    If the value of Command is a script block, the script block must be enclosed
    in braces ({}). You can specify a script block only when running PowerShell.exe
    in Windows PowerShell. The results of the script block are returned to the
    parent shell as deserialized XML objects, not live objects.

    If the value of Command is a string, Command must be the last parameter
    in the command , because any characters typed after the command are 
    interpreted as the command arguments.

    To write a string that runs a Windows PowerShell command, use the format:
    "& {<command>}"
    where the quotation marks indicate a string and the invoke operator (&)
    causes the command to be executed.

...
#>

    启动进程（Microsoft.PowerShell.Management ... https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/start-process?view=powershell-7

    参数

    -ArgumentList 指定此 cmdlet 启动进程时要使用的参数或参数值。参数可以作为单个字符串接受，参数由空格分隔，也可以作为由逗号分隔的字符串数组接受。

    如果参数或参数值包含空格，则需要用转义的双引号将它们括起来。有关详细信息，请参阅 about_Quoting_Rules。

    通过 cmdlet 或 powershell.exe 运行命令是两个不同的东西。每个都有其引用细节。你会得到这些类型的错误，因为不正确的语法包括需要的引用。

    因此，对于您的用例， Start-Process 将是这样的：

    $ConsoleCommand = "Copy-Item \\Zuul\IT\ffmpeg -Destination 'C:\Program Files\' -Force -Recurse"
Start-Process powershell -ArgumentList '-NoExit',"-Command  &{ $ConsoleCommand }"

    对于 PowerShell.exe，如下所示：

    PowerShell -Command {Copy-Item \\Zuul\IT\ffmpeg -Destination 'C:\Program Files\' -Force -Recurse}

    或这个

    PowerShell -Command "& {Copy-Item \\Zuul\IT\ffmpeg -Destination 'C:\Program Files\' -Force -Recurse}"

    Thye 可以组合，例如，如果您在 ISE/VScode 中，并且您想在 ISE/VSCode 中的同时向新实例发送命令，那么，如下所示：

    Function Start-ConsoleCommand
{
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]

    [Alias('scc')]

    Param  
    ( 
        [string]$ConsoleCommand,
        [switch]$PoSHCore
    )

    If ($PoSHCore)
    {Start-Process pwsh -ArgumentList "-NoExit","-Command  &{ $ConsoleCommand }" -Wait}
    Else
    {Start-Process powershell -ArgumentList "-NoExit","-Command  &{ $ConsoleCommand }" -Wait}

}
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