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user515655
Asked: 2020-10-24 02:14:25 +0800 CST

无法在启动时挂载 nfs，但手动工作“网络无法访问”w/systemd

  • 772

Debian 10 机器不会从 /etc/fstab 挂载 NFS 共享，但执行mount -a挂载表示共享。我注意到启动时间更长。

# systemctl status home-user-weather-images.mount
● home-user-weather-images.mount - /home/user/weather/images
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/fstab; enabled-runtime; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2020-10-23 05:36:34 EDT; 1min 1s ago
    Where: /home/user/weather/images
     What: 192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/
     Docs: man:fstab(5)
           man:systemd-fstab-generator(8)

 Oct 23 05:36:34 host systemd[1]: Mounting /home/user/weather/images...
 Oct 23 05:36:34 host mount[529]: mount.nfs: Network is unreachable 
 Oct 23 05:36:34 host systemd[1]: home-user-weather-images.mount: Mount
 process exited, code=exited, status=32/n/a
 Oct 23 05:36:34 host systemd[1]: home-user-weather-images.mount: Failed with result
 'exit-code'. 
 Oct 23 05:36:34 host systemd[1]: Failed to mount /home/user/weather/images.

这是我尝试过的 fstab 条目：

 192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/       /home/user/weather/images nfs
 ac,user,nfsvers=3,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target,x-systemd.device-timeout=100
 0 0
 
 192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/       /home/user/weather/images nfs ac,user,nfsvers=3,_netdev 0 0

也试过了，没有成功：

 systemctl reenable home-user-weather-images.mount
 systemctl daemon-reload

以下是使用 x-systemd 选项时 fstab 条目的服务的样子：

# Automatically generated by systemd-fstab-generator

[Unit]
SourcePath=/etc/fstab
Documentation=man:fstab(5) man:systemd-fstab-generator(8)
Before=remote-fs.target
After=network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target

[Mount]
Where=/home/user/weather/images
What=192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/
Type=nfs
Options=ac,user,nfsvers=3,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target

# dmesg | grep fstab
[    5.157559] systemd-fstab-generator[260]: x-systemd.device-timeout ignored for 192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/
[  114.512926] systemd-fstab-generator[1025]: x-systemd.device-timeout ignored for 192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/
[  470.095851] systemd-fstab-generator[1162]: x-systemd.device-timeout ignored for 192.168.1.115:/volume1/user/Pictures/NOAA-images/

# dmesg | grep nfs
[no output]
linux boot

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    我会建议两个行动：

    1-将以下内容添加到安装选项以延迟安装一段时间：

    [Mount]
    Options=late,nofail,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target,x-systemd.device-timeout=10 0 0

    2- 在安装部分中添加上述内容，以便在到达remote-fs目标 之前安装 nfs 挂载。

    [Install] WantedBy=remote-fs.target

    有时可能是由于 DNS 解析，但我在这里没有看到。

    编辑：由于您有一个嵌入式 eno0 接口，因此您必须在 DHCP 配置中声明它的正确名称，原因是您找不到 eth0 设备，有时启用/禁用 NetworkManager 会导致 NIC 命名混淆。

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  2. /etc/network/interfaces.d/setup需要编辑该文件以反映从 eth0 到 eno1 的正确设备。

    network.service 也失败了（但网络设法以某种方式工作）。我的 /etc/default/networking 和 /etc/dhcp/* 文件未修改。这是来自的输出journalctl -u networking.service：

    -- Logs begin at Fri 2020-10-23 06:57:31 EDT, end at Fri 2020-10-23 07:00:15 EDT. --
Oct 23 06:57:32 host systemd[1]: Starting Raise network interfaces...
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.4.1
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: Copyright 2004-2018 Internet Systems Consortium.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: All rights reserved.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.4.1
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: Copyright 2004-2018 Internet Systems Consortium.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: All rights reserved.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: 
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: Cannot find device "eth0"
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: Failed to get interface index: No such device
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: Failed to get interface index: No such device
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: If you think you have received this message due to a bug rather
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: than a configuration issue please read the section on submitting
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: bugs on either our web page at www.isc.org or in the README file
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: before submitting a bug.  These pages explain the proper
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: process and the information we find helpful for debugging.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host ifup[425]: exiting.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: 
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: If you think you have received this message due to a bug rather
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: than a configuration issue please read the section on submitting
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: bugs on either our web page at www.isc.org or in the README file
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: before submitting a bug.  These pages explain the proper
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: process and the information we find helpful for debugging.
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: 
Oct 23 06:57:32 host dhclient[492]: exiting.

    但是我的以太网设备是 eno1：

    $ ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 54:b2:03:8d:53:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    再次检查 dmesg...

    # dmesg | grep -i eth
[    3.170430] e1000e 0000:00:1f.6 eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 54:b2:03:8d:53:f6
[    3.170431] e1000e 0000:00:1f.6 eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[    3.170489] e1000e 0000:00:1f.6 eth0: MAC: 12, PHY: 12, PBA No: FFFFFF-0FF
[    3.171438] e1000e 0000:00:1f.6 eno1: renamed from eth0

    回到谷歌，查找了为什么 ifup 找不到重命名的接口。遇到了这个答案。检查我的/etc/network/interfaces.d/setup：

    auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

    ...看起来像吸烟枪。我从未编辑过这个文件；这是一周前的安装，所以我不知道为什么会出现这个问题。对其进行了编辑，将 fstab 恢复为非 x-systemd 条目并重新启动。现在它起作用了。

    在我考虑回答我自己的问题之前，如果有人能首先解释为什么会发生这种混乱，那将是“最好的答案”，这将是一件很有趣的事情。

    • 0

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