我在我的CentOS 7服务器上安装了Shadowsocks-r，我想用systemd来管理它。所以我在 /etc/systemd/system 中创建了一个名为 shadowsocks-r.service 的文件。
shadowsocks-r.service:
[Unit]
Description=Shadowsocks-R Server
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/shadowsocks/server.py -c /etc/shadowsocks-r/config.json -d start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/shadowsocks-r stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
但是服务无法正常启动。检查服务状态时，我得到以下信息：
shadowsocks-r.service - Shadowsocks-R Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/shadowsocks-r.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2019-05-14 10:29:46 UTC; 8s ago
Process: 19267 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/shadowsocks-r stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 19234 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/shadowsocks-r start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 19234 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest systemd[1]: Started Shadowsocks-R Server.
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19234]: 2019-05-14 10:29:46 INFO util.py:94 loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.10
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19234]: 2019-05-14 10:29:46 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19234]: IPv6 support
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19234]: Starting ShadowsocksR success
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19267]: 2019-05-14 10:29:46 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19267]: IPv6 support
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19267]: stopped
May 14 10:29:46 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19267]: Stopping ShadowsocksR success
消息 shadowsocks-r 来自启动和停止功能。从消息来看，启动和停止功能似乎都已执行。为什么会发生这种情况，我应该怎么做才能纠正它？谢谢！
更新：
跑步后systemctl start shadowsocks-r.service我尝试跑步journalctl -xe，这就是我得到的：
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest systemd[1]: Started Shadowsocks-R Server.
-- Subject: Unit shadowsocks-r.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit shadowsocks-r.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest polkitd[1547]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:19521:1303198 (system bus name :1.57, object path
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19527]: 2019-05-14 11:09:01 INFO util.py:94 loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.10
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19527]: 2019-05-14 11:09:01 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19527]: IPv6 support
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19527]: Starting ShadowsocksR success
May 14 11:09:01 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19560]: 2019-05-14 11:09:01 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 14 11:09:02 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19560]: IPv6 support
May 14 11:09:02 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19560]: stopped
May 14 11:09:02 vultr.guest shadowsocks-r[19560]: Stopping ShadowsocksR success
- - - 更新 - - -
现在我又尝试了几次，确认 systemctl 命令实际上停止了进程，即使我使用命令“start”也是如此。这是我尝试过的：
- 首先我开始这个过程
/etc/init.d/shadowsocks-r start
终端返回：
IPv6 support
2019-05-16 08:39:30 INFO util.py:94 loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.10
2019-05-16 08:39:30 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
started
Starting ShadowsocksR success
- 然后我跑
systemctl start shadowsocks-r.service - 然后我运行
/etc/init.d/shadowsocks-r status，结果是：ShadowsocksR is stopped
所以即使当我使用其他方法启动 shadowsocks-r 进程时，即使我尝试启动它，systemctl 也会杀死它。
- 运行
systemctl status shadowsocks-r.service，这是我得到的：
shadowsocks-r.service - Shadowsocks-R Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/shadowsocks-r.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-05-16 08:45:10 UTC; 12min ago
Process: 713 ExecStop=/usr/local/shadowsocks/server.py -c /etc/shadowsocks-r/config.json -d stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 686 ExecStart=/usr/local/shadowsocks/server.py -c /etc/shadowsocks-r/config.json -d start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 686 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[686]: 2019-05-16 08:45:10 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[686]: 2019-05-16 08:45:10 ERROR daemon.py:75 already started at pid 670
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[686]: IPv6 support
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[686]: IPv6 support
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest systemd[1]: shadowsocks-r.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[713]: 2019-05-16 08:45:10 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[713]: IPv6 support
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest server.py[713]: stopped
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest systemd[1]: Unit shadowsocks-r.service entered failed state.
May 16 08:45:10 vultr.guest systemd[1]: shadowsocks-r.service failed.
- - - -更新 - - - -
根据@Daniel B 的建议，我删除了服务文件中的 ExecStop 行：
[Unit]
Description=Shadowsocks-R Server
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/shadowsocks/server.py -c /etc/shadowsocks-r/config.json -d start
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
我首先停止 server.py 进程，/etc/init.d/shadowsocks-r stop然后它返回ShadowsocksR is stopped
然后我跑
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start shadowsocks-r.service
systemctl status shadowsocks-r.service
我仍然收到错误消息，似乎 systemctl 命令无法启动进程（在它可以启动之前停止进程）
shadowsocks-r.service - Shadowsocks-R Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/shadowsocks-r.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2019-05-16 09:40:43 UTC; 29s ago
Process: 2964 ExecStart=/usr/local/shadowsocks/server.py -c /etc/shadowsocks-r/config.json -d start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2964 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
May 16 09:40:43 vultr.guest systemd[1]: Started Shadowsocks-R Server.
May 16 09:40:43 vultr.guest server.py[2964]: 2019-05-16 09:40:43 INFO util.py:94 loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.10
May 16 09:40:43 vultr.guest server.py[2964]: 2019-05-16 09:40:43 INFO shell.py:74 ShadowsocksR 2.8.2
May 16 09:40:43 vultr.guest server.py[2964]: IPv6 support
您没有指定
Type. 默认情况下，它simple期望服务进程不退出。根据项目页面，在前台运行就像不通过一样简单
-d start。完整的单元文件如下所示：
Systemd 将自动负责监视进程，根据请求/要求重新启动和停止它。
投入使用