无法根据自签名 openssl 证书验证 openssl 证书？

我正在创建简单的两个证书；一个是根证书，另一个是服务器证书。后者有rootcert.pem和rootprivkey.pem分配给标志-CA和CAkey分别使用。我已经在系统中安装了根证书并运行sudo update-cacertificates了。经过多次尝试后，我无法使用 openssl 来根据自签名证书验证服务器证书。它给了我这个错误：

error 20 at 0 depth lookup: unable to get local issuer certificate
error servercrt.pem: verification failed

注意：我没有中间证书。

现在，我该如何解决这个问题？

编辑：

用于生成和验证的命令

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout rootprivkey.pem -out rootreq.pem -config openssl.cnf -sigopt rsa_padding_mode:pss -sigopt rsa_pss_saltlen:-1
openssl ca -out rootcrt.pem -days 2652 -keyfile rootprivkey.pem -selfsign -config openssl.cnf -infiles rootreq.pem
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout serverprivkey.pem -out serverreq.pem -config openssl.cnf
openssl x509 -req -in serverreq.pem -days 1200 -CA rootcrt.pem -CAkey rootprivkey.pem -sigopt rsa_padding_mode:pss -sigopt rsa_pss_saltlen:-1 -out servercrt.pem -set_serial 01
openssl verify -CAfile rootcrt.pem servercrt.pem

openssl.cnf

#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#
# You might want to copy this into /etc/ssl/ or define OPENSSL_CONF
#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME                    = .
RANDFILE                = $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file               = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section             = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions            = 
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca      =  CA_default                           # The default ca section

####################################################################
[ CA_default ]

dir             = .                                     # Where everything is kept
certs           = $dir                          # Where the issued certs are kept
crldir          = $dir                              # Where the issued crl are kept
database        = $dir                       # database index file.
unique_subject  = yes                                   # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                                                        # several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir   = $certs                                # default place for new certs.

certificate     = $certs/rootcrt.pem                    # The CA certificate
serial          = $dir/serial.txt                       # The current serial number
crlnumber       = $dir/crlnumber                        # the current crl number
                                                        # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl             = $crldir/crl.pem                       # The current CRL
private_key     = $dir/private/rootprivkey.pem          # The private key
RANDFILE        = $dir/private/.rand                    # private random number file

#x509_extensions        = usr_cert                              # The extentions to add to the cert

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt        = ca_default                            # Subject Name options
cert_opt        = ca_default                            # Certificate field options

# Extension copying option: use with caution.
copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.

# crl_extensions        = crl_ext

default_days    = 365           # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30                    # how long before next CRL
default_md      = default               # use public key default MD
preserve        = no                    # keep passed DN ordering

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy          = policy_match

# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits            = 4096
default_keyfile         = priv.key.pem
distinguished_name      = req_distinguished_name
attributes              = req_attributes
x509_extensions         = v3_ca             
req_extensions          = v3_req


# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default             = 
countryName_min                 = 2
countryName_max                 = 2

stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default     = 
localityName                    = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default            = 

0.organizationName              = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default      = 

# SET-ex3                       = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]
#challengePassword              = A challenge password
#challengePassword_min          = 4
#challengePassword_max          = 20
#unstructuredName               = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA
# PKIX recommendation.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always
basicConstraints = CA:true