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问题[ruby-on-rails](coding)

Martin Hope
Sig
Asked: 2025-04-15 20:23:22 +0800 CST
  • 6

我可以使用 ActiveRecord 获得以下 SQL 查询的相同输出吗？

SELECT d.title, COUNT(ep.*)
FROM posts d
LEFT JOIN comments ep
ON d.title = ep.post_title
GROUP BY d.title;

我试过Post.joins(:comments).group(:title).count('comments.*')。

ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
sonic
Asked: 2025-04-14 20:01:08 +0800 CST
  • 6

我重温了 Ruby on Rails，玩了玩公案。我不明白为什么array[4,0]，所以array[4,100]返回了[]nil

def test_slicing_arrays
    array = [:peanut, :butter, :and, :jelly]

    assert_equal [:peanut], array[0,1]
    assert_equal [:peanut, :butter], array[0,2]
    assert_equal [:and, :jelly], array[2,2]
    assert_equal [:and, :jelly], array[2,20]
    assert_equal [], array[4,0] 
    assert_equal [], array[4,100]
    assert_equal nil, array[5,0]
  end
ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
Andrew Lim
Asked: 2025-04-11 05:49:57 +0800 CST
  • 6

我有以下parent.yml.erb：

template:
  spec:
    - image:
      env:
        - name: env_a
          valueFrom:
            ...
        - name: env_b
          valueFrom:
            ...
        - name: env_c
          valueFrom:
            ...
        - name: env_d
          valueFrom:
            ...

我想将其提取出来env_b并env_c放入单独的 child.yml.erb 文件中，然后将其嵌入到 parent.yml.erb 中，我已尝试以下方法。

父级.yml.erb：

template:
  spec:
    - image:
      env:
        - name: env_a
          valueFrom:
            ...
<%= ERB.new(File.read('child.yml.erb').gsub(/^/, ' ' * 8)).result(binding) %>
        - name: env_d
          valueFrom:
            ...

child.erb.yml：

- name: env_b
  valueFrom:
    ...
- name: env_c
  valueFrom:
    ...

使用以下命令渲染 parent.yml.erb 后的结果ERB.new(File.read('parent.yml.erb')).result(binding)：

        - name: env_b
          valueFrom:
            ...
        - name: env_c
          valueFrom:
            ...
        - name: env_d
          valueFrom:
            ...

env_b、、env_c下面的所有内容都会渲染，但上面的所有内容<%= ERB.new(File.read('child.yml.erb').gsub(/^/, ' ' * 8)).result(binding) %>都会被删除。我这里是不是做错了什么？

是.gsub(/^/, ' ' * 8)为了保持相同的缩进。即使我删除了 ，问题仍然没有解决gsub。

ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
Segern Jose Monterola
Asked: 2025-04-11 03:30:54 +0800 CST
  • 6

我正在尝试通过活动管理面板创建一条新的图书记录，但点击“创建”按钮后却无法创建。点击“创建”按钮后，会有一个包含表单数据的 POST 请求发送到 /admin/books。但它并没有返回 302 错误并重定向到图书列表，而是返回了 200 错误以及类似更新表单的内容。即使我打开控制台检查图书是否已创建，它仍然没有创建。我手动在模型中添加了“新建”和“创建”操作，现在一切正常。创建操作在其他模型中运行正常，并且只影响我的“图书”模型。

这是我的 admin/books.rb 文件中的代码

ActiveAdmin.register Book do
  permit_params :title, :page_count, :book_type, :year_released, :price, :genre_id, :language_id, :author_id

  # Displays the drop down menus correctly as well as all other inputs in order of my choosing
  form do |show|
    show.inputs "Details" do
      show.input :language_id, as: :select, collection: Language.all.collect { |language|
      [ language.language_short, language.id ] }
      show.input :author_id, as: :select, collection: Author.all.collect { |author| [ author.full_name, author.age,
      author.gender_short, author.biography, author.id ] }
      show.input :title
      show.input :genre_id, as: :select, collection: Genre.all.collect { |genre| [ genre.genre, genre.id ] }
      show.input :book_type
      show.input :year_released
      show.input :price
    end

    show.actions
  end
end

这是我的书籍模型

class Book < ApplicationRecord
  # Validates that all columns are not empty
  validates :title, :page_count, :book_type, :year_released, :price, presence: true
  # Validates that the title is unique
  validates :title, uniqueness: true
  # Associations between its parent tables and child table
  # has_and_belongs_to_many :genres
  belongs_to :language
  belongs_to :author
  has_many :purchases

  def self.ransackable_associations(auth_object = nil)
    [ "author", "genres", "language", "purchases" ]
  end

  def self.ransackable_attributes(auth_object = nil)
    [ "author_id", "book_type", "created_at", "genre_id", "id", "language_id", "page_count", "price", "title", "updated_at", "year_released" ]
  end
end

当我使用默认的书籍表单而不是自定义表单时，genre_id 属性不会出现，并且仍然执行相同的行为（无法创建书籍并返回 POST 200）。

我正在使用 Ruby 版本 3.4.1 和 Rails 版本 8.0.2。

这些是创建新书籍时的服务器日志

Started POST "/admin/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2025-04-10 14:45:29 -0500
Processing by Admin::BooksController#create as HTML
  Parameters: {"authenticity_token" => "[FILTERED]", "book" => {"language_id" => "3", "author_id" => "6", "title" => "Captain Underpants", "genre_id" => "8", "book_type" => "Physical", "year_released" => "1997", "price" => "9.99"}, "commit" => "Create Book"}
  AdminUser Load (0.2ms)  SELECT "admin_users".* FROM "admin_users" WHERE "admin_users"."id" = 3 ORDER BY "admin_users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1 /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  TRANSACTION (0.1ms)  BEGIN immediate TRANSACTION /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  Book Exists? (2.9ms)  SELECT 1 AS one FROM "books" WHERE "books"."title" = 'Captain Underpants' LIMIT 1 /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  Language Load (0.3ms)  SELECT "languages".* FROM "languages" WHERE "languages"."id" = 3 LIMIT 1 /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  Author Load (0.1ms)  SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = 6 LIMIT 1 /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  TRANSACTION (0.1ms)  ROLLBACK TRANSACTION /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  Rendering /home/segern/.rbenv/versions/3.4.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.4.0/gems/activeadmin-3.3.0/app/views/active_admin/resource/new.html.arb
  Language Load (0.2ms)  SELECT "languages".* FROM "languages" /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  ↳ app/admin/books.rb:7:in 'Enumerable#collect'
  Author Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  ↳ app/admin/books.rb:9:in 'Enumerable#collect'
  Genre Load (0.3ms)  SELECT "genres".* FROM "genres" /*action='create',application='ECommerce',controller='books'*/
  ↳ app/admin/books.rb:12:in 'Enumerable#collect'
  Rendered /home/segern/.rbenv/versions/3.4.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.4.0/gems/activeadmin-3.3.0/app/views/active_admin/resource/new.html.arb (Duration: 57.9ms | GC: 1.0ms)
Completed 200 OK in 89ms (Views: 58.0ms | ActiveRecord: 4.5ms (7 queries, 0 cached) | GC: 1.7ms)


Started GET "/favicon.ico" for 127.0.0.1 at 2025-04-10 14:45:29 -0500

ActionController::RoutingError (No route matches [GET] "/favicon.ico"):
ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
nextstep
Asked: 2025-04-09 19:09:15 +0800 CST
  • 5

以下 ruby​​ 方法预计返回一个数组或 nil，具体取决于 api 调用是否成功。

  # @return [Array or nil] - but should not throw error if anything fails
  def fetch_coords_from_api
    api_url = "some_api_url"
    params = { api_key: ENV["API_KEY"] }
    response = ApiClient.new(api_url, params).get
    return unless response
    json = JSON.parse(response.body)
    return unless json.is_a?(Hash) && json["result"]
    addresses = json["result"]
    return unless addresses.is_a?(Array) && !addresses.empty?
    address = addresses.find { |add| add["zip"] == zip }
    return unless address&.key?("latitude") && address&.key?("longitude")
    [ address["latitude"], address["longitude"] ]
  end

一些背景：该方法是尝试几种检索坐标的方法的类的一部分（如果一种方法失败，我们将转到下一种方法）。

这虽然按预期工作，但似乎也违反了一些最佳实践和惯例（关于对无效状态进行多次检查）。有人能建议一种更健壮/高效/常规/美观的方式来处理这种情况吗？

ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
tolia k
Asked: 2025-04-06 01:28:30 +0800 CST
  • 5

当我尝试以生产模式启动服务器时出现此错误

=> Booting Puma
=> Rails 8.0.1 application starting in production
=> Run `bin/rails server --help` for more startup options
[dotenv] Loaded .env
Exiting
C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:63:in `const_get': uninitialized constant Openai::Openai (NameError)

    @mod.const_get(@cname, false)
        ^^^^^^^^^^
Did you mean?  OpenAI
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:63:in `get'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:173:in `block in actual_eager_load_dir'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:47:in `block in ls'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:25:in `each'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:25:in `ls'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:168:in `actual_eager_load_dir'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:16:in `each'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:16:in `block in eager_load'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:10:in `synchronize'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:10:in `eager_load'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:430:in `block in eager_load_all'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:428:in `each'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.7.2/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:428:in `eager_load_all'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:79:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:231:in `block in tsort_each'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:353:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:434:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:352:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:350:in `each'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:350:in `call'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:350:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:229:in `tsort_each'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/tsort.rb:208:in `tsort_each'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/application.rb:440:in `initialize!'
        from D:/PROGRAMMING/RUBY/addmemore_backend/config/environment.rb:5:in `<main>'
        from config.ru:3:in `require_relative'
        from config.ru:3:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-3.1.8/lib/rack/builder.rb:108:in `eval'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-3.1.8/lib/rack/builder.rb:108:in `new_from_string'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-3.1.8/lib/rack/builder.rb:97:in `load_file'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-3.1.8/lib/rack/builder.rb:67:in `parse_file'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rackup-2.2.1/lib/rackup/server.rb:354:in `build_app_and_options_from_config'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rackup-2.2.1/lib/rackup/server.rb:263:in `app'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rackup-2.2.1/lib/rackup/server.rb:424:in `wrapped_app'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rackup-2.2.1/lib/rackup/server.rb:326:in `block in start'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rackup-2.2.1/lib/rackup/server.rb:382:in `handle_profiling'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rackup-2.2.1/lib/rackup/server.rb:325:in `start'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:38:in `start'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:145:in `block in perform'
        from <internal:kernel>:90:in `tap'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:136:in `perform'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/thor-1.3.2/lib/thor/command.rb:28:in `run'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/thor-1.3.2/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127:in `invoke_command'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/command/base.rb:178:in `invoke_command'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/thor-1.3.2/lib/thor.rb:538:in `dispatch'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/command/base.rb:73:in `perform'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/command.rb:65:in `block in invoke'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/command.rb:143:in `with_argv'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/command.rb:63:in `invoke'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/railties-8.0.1/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/bundled_gems.rb:69:in `require'
        from D:/APPS/Ruby33-x64/lib/ruby/3.3.0/bundled_gems.rb:69:in `block (2 levels) in replace_require'
        from C:/Users/tolia/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.3.0/gems/bootsnap-1.18.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
        from D:/PROGRAMMING/RUBY/addmemore_backend/bin/rails:4:in `<main>'

我在文件夹openai.rb中app/services/openai/需要“net/http”需要“uri”需要“json”

class OpenAI
  def initialize(api_key)
    @api_key = api_key
  end

  def generate_comments(number_of_comments, post_description, customer_query)
    # some code ...
  end
end

我也将其包含在 application_controller.rb 中

require_relative "../services/openai/openai"

以前我通过重命名文件夹、模块和类解决了这个问题，但现在它变得太烦人了，因为类被命名OpenAI，但 rails 试图找到Openai

ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
Jerome
Asked: 2025-04-04 23:15:01 +0800 CST
  • 5

在查询和以 XML 响应的 API 时，在控制台中跟踪虚构的数据时会出现一个有趣的元素，但布局不是：

   <address>SUTTER 10821
1032 LALALAND</address>

httparty解析由ruby​​ gem运行。
字符串中的换行符保存为\n文本数据类型。然而，在 rails 中使用 进行渲染时.html_safe，不会渲染新行。

在写入记录时处理地址属性的最佳方法是什么？

ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
NGobin
Asked: 2025-04-04 05:45:57 +0800 CST
  • 5

我正在努力让计数器缓存在 has_one :through 上工作，但遇到了一些奇怪的行为。我想在模型上有一个 counter_cache ，用于缓存关联（通过模型）Company的数量。LocationBusinessUnit

对象：

class Company < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :business_units, class_name: :BusinessUnit, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :locations, through: :business_units, dependent: :destroy, counter_cache: :locations_count
end

class BusinessUnit < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :company, counter_cache: :locations_count
  has_many :locations, dependent: :destroy
end

class Location < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :business_unit
  has_one :company, through: :business_unit
end

架构：

ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2025_04_03_203549) do
  enable_extension "plpgsql"

  create_table "business_units", force: :cascade do |t|
    t.string "name"
    t.bigint "company_id", null: false
    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
    t.index ["company_id"], name: "index_business_units_on_company_id"
  end

  create_table "companies", force: :cascade do |t|
    t.string "name"
    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
    t.integer "locations_count", default: 0, null: false
  end

  create_table "locations", force: :cascade do |t|
    t.string "name"
    t.bigint "business_unit_id", null: false
    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
    t.index ["business_unit_id"], name: "index_locations_on_business_unit_id"
  end

  add_foreign_key "business_units", "companies"
  add_foreign_key "locations", "business_units"
end

根据这些 SO 答案 ( 1、2 )，我的理解是这应该可行。关于 Rails 如何自动知道引用位置计数，文档并不完善，而且有点违反直觉，但实际上它似乎确实有一些 Rails 魔力，Company.reset_counters(1, :locations)正确调用会将计数器设置为匹配位置数。

但是，当添加或删除位置时，计数器不会自动更新（增加或减少），并且如果更新具有 N 个位置的业务单元并将其分配给另一家公司，则计数器只会增加/减少 1（而不是预期的 N 个位置）。此行为在 Rails 8.0.1 和 7.1.3（我无意中用它们来构建我的 MRE）中都存在。

我是否遗漏了一些明显可以使 counter_cache 正常工作的东西？

ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
JMS
Asked: 2025-03-28 19:20:08 +0800 CST
  • 6

我想创建一个可以在任何页面中使用的搜索栏，以便查找电影数据库中的项目。我的搜索栏仅在我已经在电影索引页中时才起作用，但它在任何其他页面中都不起作用，它只会重新加载当前视图并搜索路径。提交搜索后，如何重定向到电影索引页？

  <form class="d-flex">
    <%= form_tag movies_path, method: :get do %>
      <%= text_field_tag :search, params[:search], class:"form-control me-2", placeholder:"Search" %>
      <%= submit_tag "Search", :title => nil, class:"btn btn-outline-primary" %>
    <% end %>
  </form>
ruby-on-rails
Martin Hope
Ricky883249
Asked: 2025-03-09 14:05:58 +0800 CST
  • 5

我有一个模型Entity，可以有offers和invoices。用户可以创建自定义数字格式来显示发票号码。例如，内部发票号码23可以变成2025INV00000023或类似的。现在，对于offers，我们需要能够使用不同的数字格式。23可能会变成2025OFF00000023。

我通过创建一个类来实现这一点NumberFormat，用户可以通过多种方式配置数字格式。数字格式与实体相关联，因为出于税务/会计目的，实体的所有发票都需要具有统一/一致的编号。

我的Entity模型开始如下：

class Entity < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :invoices, dependent: :restrict_with_error
  has_many :offers, dependent: :restrict_with_error

还有一些不相关的has_many

  belongs_to :invoice_number_format, class_name: 'NumberFormat'
  belongs_to :offer_number_format, class_name: 'NumberFormat'

现在我的NumberFormat类需要有belongs_to关系的另一端。但我不确定加倍是否是正确的方法，以防止dependent: :restrict_with_error用户删除仍在使用的数字格式。VSCode 的自动格式化程序只会在保存时删除第二个。我当然可以保存而不进行格式化（并且在编辑此文件时要非常小心，不要忘记），经过初步测试后，它似乎有效，但我想知道我的方法是否不理想？

  has_many :entities, inverse_of: :invoice_number_format,
                      dependent: :restrict_with_error
  # This line gets deleted on save
  has_many :entities, inverse_of: :offer_number_format,
                      dependent: :restrict_with_error
ruby-on-rails