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Accepted
Jared Frazier
Asked: 2025-01-17 21:10:17 +0800 CST

继承了太多抽象类？

  • 772

我正在尝试将DRY原则应用于玩具绘图类，作为一种智力练习，以提高我对 OOP 的理解（目前正在阅读Python 面向对象编程），但直观地看，使用潜在的越来越深的继承层次结构可能会导致更复杂的代码库（特别是因为我已经读过组合似乎比继承更受青睐，请参阅组合优于继承 wiki）。似乎这样的玩具库最终可能会有太多的抽象类，如AbstractMonthlyMultiPanelPlot等等AbstractSeasonalPlot，用于任意绘图类型以适应不同的输入数据。

有没有一种更符合 Python 风格的方法来处理下面我可能遗漏的问题？我是否违反了某种我误解或完全忽略的设计原则？

from abc import abstractmethod, ABC
from numpy import ndarray
from typing import List, Tuple
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

class AbstractPlot(ABC)
    @abstractmethod
    def plot(self): 
        raise NotImplementedError

class AbstractMonthlyPlot(AbstractPlot):
    @abstractmethod
    def plot_for_month(ax, data):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @property
    def n_months(self): 
        """number of months in a year"""
        return 12 

    def plot(self, month_to_data: List[Tuple[ndarray]]):
        fig, axs = plt.subplots(self.n_months, 1)
        for month in range(self.n_months):
            self._plot_for_month(ax=axs[month], data=month_to_data[month])

class Contour(AbstractMonthlyPlot):
    def _plot_for_month(self, ax, data):
        ax.contourf(*data)

class Linear(AbstractMonthlyPlot):
    def _plot_for_month(self, ax, data):
        ax.plot(*data)
python

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer
    from abc import abstractmethod, ABC
from numpy import ndarray
from typing import List, Tuple
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

class Plotter(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def plot(self, ax, data):
        raise NotImplementedError

class ContourPlotter(Plotter):
    def plot(self, ax, data):
        ax.contourf(*data)

class LinearPlotter(Plotter):
    def plot(self, ax, data):
        ax.plot(*data)

class MonthlyPlot:
    def __init__(self, plotter: Plotter):
        self.plotter = plotter

    @property
    def n_months(self):
        """number of months in a year"""
        return 12

    def plot(self, month_to_data: List[Tuple[ndarray]]):
        fig, axs = plt.subplots(self.n_months, 1)
        for month in range(self.n_months):
            self.plotter.plot(ax=axs[month], data=month_to_data[month])

# Usage
contour_plotter = ContourPlotter()
monthly_contour_plot = MonthlyPlot(contour_plotter)
monthly_contour_plot.plot(month_to_data)

linear_plotter = LinearPlotter()
monthly_linear_plot = MonthlyPlot(linear_plotter)
monthly_linear_plot.plot(month_to_data)
    • 1

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