主页 / coding / 问题 / 79301929
Accepted
aenagy
Asked: 2024-12-23 08:21:05 +0800 CST

Bash 声明不喜欢带空格的值

  • 772

这是 awk gsub 的延续，没有替换字段中所有句点实例。

我有一些意见：

$ cat ./ipv4settings.txt
ipv4.gateway:                           192.168.2.1
ipv4.routes:                            --
ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
ipv4.route-table:                       0 (unspec)

我能够生成所需的输出（某种程度上）：

$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print $1"="$2 }' ./ipv4settings.txt
ipv4_gateway=192.168.2.1
ipv4_routes=--
ipv4_route_metric=-1
ipv4_route_table=0 (unspec)

接下来我要为每一行输出声明变量。我使用了几种变体declare：

$awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print $1"="$2 }' ./ipv4settings.txt
ipv4_gateway=192.168.2.1
ipv4_routes=--
ipv4_route_metric=-1
ipv4_route_table=0 (unspec)
$ declare $( awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print $1"="$2 }' ./ipv4settings.txt )
-bash: declare: `(unspec)': not a valid identifier

awk我尝试引用（declare not a valid identifier bash ）的整行输出（https://www.baeldung.com/linux/awk-print-quote-characters）：

$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print "\042"$1"="$2"\042" }' ./ipv4settings.txt
"ipv4_gateway=192.168.2.1"
"ipv4_routes=--"
"ipv4_route_metric=-1"
"ipv4_route_table=0 (unspec)"
$ declare $( awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print "\042"$1"="$2"\042" }' ./ipv4settings.txt )
-bash: declare: `"ipv4_gateway=192.168.2.1"': not a valid identifier
-bash: declare: `"ipv4_routes=--"': not a valid identifier
-bash: declare: `"ipv4_route_metric=-1"': not a valid identifier
-bash: declare: `"ipv4_route_table=0': not a valid identifier
-bash: declare: `(unspec)"': not a valid identifier

...或者仅仅是价值部分：

$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print $1"=\042"$2"\042" }' ./ipv4settings.txt
ipv4_gateway="192.168.2.1"
ipv4_routes="--"
ipv4_route_metric="-1"
ipv4_route_table="0 (unspec)"
$ declare $( awk 'BEGIN{FS=":[[:space:]]+";OFS="="}{gsub("[.]|-","_",$1);$1=$1;print $1"=\042"$2"\042" }' ./ipv4settings.txt )
-bash: declare: `(unspec)"': not a valid identifier

如何处理declare带有空格的变量值？

bash

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    对你之前的问题的另一个回答解决了这个（引用）问题：

    $ cat ipv4.awk
BEGIN                     { sq = "\x27" }                  # define single quote
/^ipv4[.](gateway|route)/ {                                # lines that start with ipv4.gateway or ipv4.route
                            gsub(/[.-]/,"_",$1)            # 1st field: replace period/hyphens with underscore
                            sub(/:[[:space:]]+/,"=" sq)    # replace colon + white space with equal sign and single quote
                            sub(/$/,sq)                    # append single quote on end of line
                            print                          # print current line
                          }

$ awk -f ipv4.awk ipv4settings.txt
ipv4_gateway='192.168.2.1'
ipv4_routes='--'
ipv4_route_metric='-1'
ipv4_route_table='0 (unspec)'

    要将这些变量加载到当前环境中，您可以将awk结果重定向到source，例如：

    $ source <(awk -f ipv4.awk ipv4settings.txt)
$ typeset -p ipv4_gateway ipv4_routes ipv4_route_metric ipv4_route_table
declare -- ipv4_gateway="192.168.2.1"
declare -- ipv4_routes="--"
declare -- ipv4_route_metric="-1"
declare -- ipv4_route_table="0 (unspec)"
    • 1

  2. 下面所示的内容是否合适？

    $ cat ipv4settings.txt
ipv4.gateway:                           192.168.2.1
ipv4.routes:                            --
ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
ipv4.route-table:                        0 (unspec)

$ cat fixme.awk
{printf("%s=\"%s\"\n",gensub(/[\.-]/,"_","g",$1),gensub(/ {2,}/,"","g",$2))}

$ awk -F: -f fixme.awk ipv4settings.txt
ipv4_gateway="192.168.2.1"
ipv4_routes="--"
ipv4_route_metric="-1"
ipv4_route_table="0 (unspec)"
    • 0

相关问题