Perguntas[linux](unix)

Conectei um hub onboard ao meu microprocessador. O hub onboard é USB2514B e o microprocessador é um STM32MP1.

Posso especificar a conexão com o hub integrado usando OHCI (Open Host Controller Interface), mas então recebo mensagens de erro.

usb 1-1.4: device descriptor read/64, error -62
usb 1-1-port4: unable to enumerate USB device

Isso significa que o OHCI (USB 1.1) não pode se comunicar com o USB2514B, que requer a especificação USB 2.0.

Mas se eu conectar meu hub integrado usando EHCI (Enhanced Host Controller Interface), que é USB 2.0.

Então no Linux não terei erros sobre nenhuma descrição de dispositivo. O meu lsusbfica assim:

>> lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Pergunta:

Isso significa que este 1d6b:0002é o hub USB2514B ou que é o USB interno do processador?

Estou procurando uma maneira de confirmar se tenho conexão com meu USB2514B ou se lsusbsó mostra minha conexão USB interna do processador.

NOTA: Este hub USB integrado não requer nenhuma interface de comunicação externa, como SMDbus, I2C ou outra. Apenas conexão USB simples + configuração de árvore de dispositivos Linux.

&usbh_ehci{
    status = "okay";

    /* USER CODE BEGIN usbh_ehci */
    phys = <&usbphyc_port1>;
    #address-cells = <1>;
    #size-cells = <0>;
    /* onboard HUB */
    hub@1 {
        compatible = "usb424,2514";
        reg = <1>;
        vdd-supply = <&v3v3>;
    };
    /* USER CODE END usbh_ehci */
};

&usbh_ohci{
    status = "disabled";
};

Fontes úteis:

• https://wiki.st.com/stm32mpu/wiki/USB_overview
• https://wiki.st.com/stm32mpu/wiki/USBH_device_tree_configuration

Há um Oracle Linux rodando dentro de um Virtual Box, que está rodando no Windows 11 Home.

Precisa de ajuda para entender:

Há alguma chance de qualquer um dos linux ou , já que isso claramente parece ser um ataque de dicionário de força bruta. Mas, como a questão do IPv6 parece ser a do roteador, pode ser que o sistema subjacente tenha sido hackeado?

Como mitigar essa situação. Qual poderia ser o ponto de entrada - pelo menos maneiras de encontrar um. Se pudesse haver backdoors, como encontrá-los.

Logo após instalar o Oracle Linux, encontro muitas tentativas falhas no usuário root.

caminho do arquivo de log:/var/log/secure

O IP em questão é: fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6

Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Loading rules from directory /etc/polkit-1/rules.d
Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Loading rules from directory /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d
Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Finished loading, compiling and executing 5 rules
Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Acquired the name org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 on the system bus
Nov  9 18:26:45 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1088]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:26:45 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8  user=root
Nov  9 18:26:46 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1358]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:26:46 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1  user=root
Nov  9 18:26:47 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: Failed password for root from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45545 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:46 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: Failed password for root from 192.168.29.1 port 43718 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: Received disconnect from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45545:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: Disconnected from authenticating user root fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45545 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Invalid user admin from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: Received disconnect from 192.168.29.1 port 43718:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: Disconnected from authenticating user root 192.168.29.1 port 43718 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Invalid user admin from 192.168.29.1 port 43720
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1
Nov  9 18:27:50 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Failed password for invalid user admin from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux systemd[1590]: pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session opened for user devoracleuser(uid=1000) by devoracleuser(uid=0)
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Failed password for invalid user admin from 192.168.29.1 port 43720 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux login[836]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user devoracleuser(uid=1000) by devoracleuser(uid=0)
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux login[836]: LOGIN ON tty1 BY devoracleuser
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Received disconnect from 192.168.29.1 port 43720:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Disconnected from invalid user admin 192.168.29.1 port 43720 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1630]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1  user=root
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Received disconnect from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Disconnected from invalid user admin fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1633]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8  user=root
Nov  9 18:27:54 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: Failed password for root from 192.168.29.1 port 43721 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:55 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: Failed password for root from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45550 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:56 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: Received disconnect from 192.168.29.1 port 43721:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:56 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: Disconnected from authenticating user root 192.168.29.1 port 43721 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:57 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: Received disconnect from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45550:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:57 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: Disconnected from authenticating user root fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45550 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:28:57 OracleLinux sshd[1639]: Invalid user 888888 from 192.168.29.1 port 43725
Nov  9 18:28:57 OracleLinux sshd[1639]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov  9 18:28:57 OracleLinux sshd[1639]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1
Nov  9 18:28:58 OracleLinux sshd[1641]: Invalid user 888888 from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45554

Entradas do Wireshark do mesmo IP, no dia seguinte:

Existe alguma chance de meus sistemas estarem comprometidos?

Estou escrevendo meu próprio status personalizado para o i3/Sway que mostra um indicador de volume, e me deparei com um problema.

Gostaria de saber se há uma maneira padrão, usando ferramentas Linux padrão -- talvez ALSA ou sysfs -- para detectar se os fones de ouvido estão conectados ou não? Eu preferiria fazer dessa forma, caso eu queira mudar do Pipewire para o JACK normal em algum momento, ou algo assim.

Vou postar um segmento dessa solução "meio funcional" que consegui encontrar online (desculpe, mas não lembro quem postou isso, então posso dar os créditos a essa pessoa).

has_headset() {
    grep -A4 -ri "Headphone Playback Switch" /proc/asound/card*/* |
        grep "Amp-Out vals.*\[0x00\]*"
}

Essa função has_headset()meio que funciona, mas o problema é que se os fones de ouvido estiverem conectados E silenciados, então não funcionará. Não tenho certeza do que os valores de "Amp-Out vals" significam. Parece ser [0x80] [0x80]quando os fones de ouvido estão desconectados, e então [0x00] [0x00]quando os fones de ouvido estão conectados e não silenciados.

Estou usando POSIX sh, mas soluções escritas especificamente para Bash também são mais que bem-vindas!

Apenas adicionar um pouco de capacidade de armazenamento no meu servidor de armazenamento Openmediavault deu errado. O que devo fazer para recuperar? Você pode me orientar?

Foi isso que eu fiz:

1 conjunto /dev/md2 raid5 criado, correu bem

2 /dev/md2 pv criado, correu bem

3 /dev/md2 pv incluído no grupo de volume datavg correu bem

4 criar um novo sistema de arquivos no volume lógico datalv não foi possível - nenhum dispositivo disponível. Agora sei que apenas um fs por lv é possível, mas não sabia disso quando tentei isso.

5 lvextend no datalv, correu bem - o datalv agora tem capacidade total, incluindo as novas unidades

6. Ainda não é possível criar um novo sistema de arquivos no datalv - nenhum dispositivo disponível.

7 tentando fsgrow, aloquei toda a capacidade de uma só vez - não era o que eu queria...

8 lvreduce em datalv para aproximadamente capacidade original, correu bem

9 lvcreate data2lv, correu bem

10 criando o novo sistema de arquivos no data2lv (XFS) dessa vez, funcionou

Após reiniciar o sistema, o antigo sistema de arquivos (dados) não é montado e não há sinal do novo (XFS).

Eu estava errado ao supor que um lv pode ter mais de um sistema de arquivos, então a etapa 4 é quando as coisas começaram a dar errado. A etapa 5 também estava errada, mas talvez reversível. A etapa 7 foi um grande erro, já que o sistema de arquivos não pode ser encolhido de volta. O resto das etapas ainda está mais errado, mas como posso consertar isso? Desfazer as etapas 8 a 10 e viver com apenas um sistema de arquivos? Achei que deveria perguntar aqui antes de bagunçar as coisas ainda mais.

Eu ficaria muito grato por alguma ajuda sobre isso,

/C

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=be85bbea-6e8b-4710-b1e0-894ad8d34d20 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=035fdb6b-e1bb-46c9-81c5-ff28840063c7 none            swap    sw              0       0
# >>> [openmediavault]
/dev/disk/by-label/data        /srv/dev-disk-by-label-data    ext4    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,noexec,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,acl    0 2
/dev/disk/by-uuid/035fdb6b-e1bb-46c9-81c5-ff28840063c7        /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-035fdb6b-e1bb-46c9-81c5-ff28840063c7    ext2    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,acl    0 2
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/        /export/data    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/Backups/HomeAssistant/        /export/HAss    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/Backups/LinHES/        /export/LinHES_backup    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/LinHES/        /export/LinHES    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/securitycams/        /export/securitycams    none    bind,nofail    0 0
# <<< [openmediavault] 

fim da saída do dmesg:

[    7.009650] mpt2sas_cm0: handle(0x12) sas_address(0x5001e67958f53ffd) port_type(0x1)
[    7.010381] scsi 3:0:8:0: Enclosure         Intel    RES2SV240        0d00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    7.010385] scsi 3:0:8:0: set ignore_delay_remove for handle(0x0012)
[    7.010388] scsi 3:0:8:0: SES: handle(0x0012), sas_addr(0x5001e67958f53ffd), phy(24), device_name(0x0000000000000000)
[    7.010390] scsi 3:0:8:0: enclosure logical id (0x5001e67958f53fff), slot(24) 
[    7.010392] scsi 3:0:8:0: qdepth(254), tagged(1), scsi_level(6), cmd_que(1)
[    7.013166]  end_device-3:0:8: add: handle(0x0012), sas_addr(0x5001e67958f53ffd)
[    9.745705] mpt2sas_cm0: port enable: SUCCESS
[    9.747042] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      Corsair Force GS 5.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    9.747591] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      Corsair Force GS 5.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    9.750711] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.0: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.750787] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
[    9.750831] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.0: irq 16, io mem 0xfe02e000
[    9.764544] ses 3:0:8:0: Attached Enclosure device
[    9.772078] sd 3:0:0:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772102] sd 3:0:1:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772361] sd 3:0:4:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772413] sd 3:0:5:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772487] sd 3:0:2:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772540] sd 3:0:7:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772555] sd 3:0:6:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772646] sd 3:0:3:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772671] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[    9.772681] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[    9.772686] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Write Protect is off
[    9.772690] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[    9.772697] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Write Protect is off
[    9.772701] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[    9.772708] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.73 TiB)
[    9.772709] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    9.772712] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.772716] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.73 TiB)
[    9.772721] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.772724] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    9.772736] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Preferred minimum I/O size 512 bytes
[    9.772757] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Preferred minimum I/O size 512 bytes
[    9.773008] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] 7814037168 512-byte logical blocks: (4.00 TB/3.64 TiB)
[    9.773011] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773135] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773137] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773163] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] 5860531055 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.73 TiB)
[    9.773165] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773188] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773190] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773310] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773312] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773556] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773559] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.774714] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Write Protect is off
[    9.774717] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.775773] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.776271] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[    9.776275] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776336] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[    9.776341] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776448]  sdj: sdj1 sdj2 sdj3
[    9.776475]  sdi: sdi1 sdi2 sdi3
[    9.776627] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.776662] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.776678] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[    9.776681] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776734] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Write Protect is off
[    9.776737] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776872] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Write Protect is off
[    9.776875] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.777101] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777171] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777195] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Write Protect is off
[    9.777198] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.777740] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777802] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777908] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.778042] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.792872] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.794058] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.797109] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.797304] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.799595] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.800877] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.803440] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.813710] usb usb5: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[    9.813714] usb usb5: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    9.813717] usb usb5: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.813719] usb usb5: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[    9.813720] usb usb5: SerialNumber: 0000:00:12.0
[    9.813858] hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    9.813868] hub 5-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[    9.814196] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.1: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.814206] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 6
[    9.814228] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.1: irq 16, io mem 0xfe02d000
[    9.854662] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[    9.854671] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.855445] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.877753] usb usb6: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[    9.877757] usb usb6: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    9.877760] usb usb6: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.877761] usb usb6: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[    9.877763] usb usb6: SerialNumber: 0000:00:12.1
[    9.877897] hub 6-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    9.877907] hub 6-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[    9.878193] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.0: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.878199] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 7
[    9.878250] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.0: irq 18, io mem 0xfe02b000
[    9.941747] usb usb7: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[    9.941751] usb usb7: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    9.941754] usb usb7: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.941755] usb usb7: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[    9.941757] usb usb7: SerialNumber: 0000:00:13.0
[    9.941879] hub 7-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    9.941889] hub 7-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[    9.942167] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.1: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.942173] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 8
[    9.942192] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.1: irq 18, io mem 0xfe02a000
[    9.946582] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.982793] md/raid1:md1: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors
[    9.982808] md/raid1:md126: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors
[    9.982863] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 78124928
[    9.983036] md126: detected capacity change from 0 to 156227456
[   10.005696] usb usb8: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[   10.005702] usb usb8: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[   10.005704] usb usb8: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[   10.005706] usb usb8: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[   10.005708] usb usb8: SerialNumber: 0000:00:13.1
[   10.005838] hub 8-0:1.0: USB hub found
[   10.005849] hub 8-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[   10.006185] ohci-pci 0000:00:14.5: OHCI PCI host controller
[   10.006192] ohci-pci 0000:00:14.5: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 9
[   10.006214] ohci-pci 0000:00:14.5: irq 18, io mem 0xfe028000
[   10.053689] raid6: sse2x4   gen()  7753 MB/s
[   10.073706] usb usb9: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[   10.073711] usb usb9: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[   10.073714] usb usb9: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[   10.073716] usb usb9: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[   10.073718] usb usb9: SerialNumber: 0000:00:14.5
[   10.073851] hub 9-0:1.0: USB hub found
[   10.073862] hub 9-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[   10.121687] raid6: sse2x2   gen()  7627 MB/s
[   10.189688] raid6: sse2x1   gen()  6191 MB/s
[   10.189691] raid6: using algorithm sse2x4 gen() 7753 MB/s
[   10.257685] raid6: .... xor() 3661 MB/s, rmw enabled
[   10.257687] raid6: using ssse3x2 recovery algorithm
[   10.258670] xor: automatically using best checksumming function   avx       
[   10.259422] async_tx: api initialized (async)
[   10.271440] md/raid:md0: device sde operational as raid disk 3
[   10.271444] md/raid:md0: device sdb operational as raid disk 1
[   10.271445] md/raid:md0: device sda operational as raid disk 0
[   10.271446] md/raid:md0: device sdc operational as raid disk 2
[   10.271465] md/raid:md2: device sdf operational as raid disk 1
[   10.271469] md/raid:md2: device sdh operational as raid disk 3
[   10.271471] md/raid:md2: device sdg operational as raid disk 2
[   10.271472] md/raid:md2: device sdd operational as raid disk 0
[   10.272715] md/raid:md0: raid level 5 active with 4 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2
[   10.272728] md/raid:md2: raid level 5 active with 4 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2
[   10.274723] md2: detected capacity change from 0 to 58597828608
[   10.302716] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 17580797952
[   10.314506] usb 5-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using ohci-pci
[   10.351344] random: crng init done
[   10.478717] device-mapper: core: CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE is disabled. Duplicate IMA measurements will not be recorded in the IMA log.
[   10.478750] device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3
[   10.478830] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.47.0-ioctl (2022-07-28) initialised: [email protected]
[   10.524723] usb 5-2: New USB device found, idVendor=051d, idProduct=0003, bcdDevice= 1.06
[   10.524729] usb 5-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[   10.524731] usb 5-2: Product: Smart-UPS 1000 FW:UPS 09.3 / ID=18
[   10.524733] usb 5-2: Manufacturer: American Power Conversion 
[   10.524734] usb 5-2: SerialNumber: AS1707331537  
[   10.535479] hid: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[   10.544453] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[   10.544456] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[   10.546915] hid-generic 0003:051D:0003.0001: hiddev0,hidraw0: USB HID v1.00 Device [American Power Conversion  Smart-UPS 1000 FW:UPS 09.3 / ID=18] on usb-0000:00:12.0-2/input0
[   11.087936] Btrfs loaded, crc32c=crc32c-intel, zoned=yes, fsverity=yes
[   41.958600] EXT4-fs (md126): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[   42.013214] Not activating Mandatory Access Control as /sbin/tomoyo-init does not exist.
[   42.090393] systemd[1]: Inserted module 'autofs4'
[   42.115930] systemd[1]: systemd 247.3-7+deb11u6 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +ZSTD +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=unified)
[   42.116051] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[   42.116543] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <bolivar>.
[   42.306079] systemd[1]: /etc/systemd/system/clamav-onaccess.service:13: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
[   42.306476] systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/clamav-freshclam.service:11: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
[   42.307153] systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/clamav-daemon.service:12: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
[   42.312038] systemd[1]: Queued start job for default target Graphical Interface.
[   42.330323] systemd[1]: Created slice system-getty.slice.
[   42.330620] systemd[1]: Created slice system-modprobe.slice.
[   42.330854] systemd[1]: Created slice system-postfix.slice.
[   42.331079] systemd[1]: Created slice system-systemd\x2dfsck.slice.
[   42.331305] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.
[   42.331368] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.
[   42.331420] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[   42.331575] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
[   42.331608] systemd[1]: Reached target Local Encrypted Volumes.
[   42.331652] systemd[1]: Reached target Paths.
[   42.331680] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.
[   42.331703] systemd[1]: Reached target System Time Set.
[   42.331781] systemd[1]: Listening on Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs.
[   42.331874] systemd[1]: Listening on LVM2 poll daemon socket.
[   42.336222] systemd[1]: Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket.
[   42.336356] systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket.
[   42.336470] systemd[1]: Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.
[   42.336541] systemd[1]: Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.
[   42.336712] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket.
[   42.336827] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[   42.336946] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.
[   42.337078] systemd[1]: Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.
[   42.337484] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.
[   42.337575] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[   42.338502] systemd[1]: Mounting Huge Pages File System...
[   42.339406] systemd[1]: Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...
[   42.340365] systemd[1]: Mounting NFSD configuration filesystem...
[   42.341305] systemd[1]: Mounting RPC Pipe File System...
[   42.342485] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Debug File System...
[   42.343458] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Trace File System...
[   42.343588] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Kernel Module supporting RPCSEC_GSS being skipped.
[   42.343753] systemd[1]: Finished Availability of block devices.
[   42.345380] systemd[1]: Starting Set the console keyboard layout...
[   42.346510] systemd[1]: Starting Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel...
[   42.347606] systemd[1]: Starting Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling...
[   42.348989] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module configfs...
[   42.350348] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module drm...
[   42.351388] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module fuse...
[   42.351481] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in OpenVSwitch configuration for cleanup being skipped.
[   42.352694] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Set Up Additional Binary Formats being skipped.
[   42.352730] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in File System Check on Root Device being skipped.
[   42.354950] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...
[   42.357137] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules...
[   42.358386] systemd[1]: Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[   42.359555] systemd[1]: Starting Coldplug All udev Devices...
[   42.362006] systemd[1]: Mounted Huge Pages File System.
[   42.362148] systemd[1]: Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.
[   42.362262] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Debug File System.
[   42.362373] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Trace File System.
[   42.362841] systemd[1]: Finished Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel.
[   42.363275] systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
[   42.363694] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module configfs.
[   42.364942] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...
[   42.368675] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Modules.
[   42.368852] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.
[   42.370036] systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables...
[   42.370843] fuse: init (API version 7.37)
[   42.371752] systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
[   42.372144] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module fuse.
[   42.373401] systemd[1]: Mounting FUSE Control File System...
[   42.376648] systemd[1]: Mounted FUSE Control File System.
[   42.383402] systemd[1]: Finished Apply Kernel Variables.
[   42.384015] EXT4-fs (md126): re-mounted. Quota mode: none.
[   42.385366] systemd[1]: Finished Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
[   42.387332] systemd[1]: Starting Initial Check File System Quotas...
[   42.387952] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Rebuild Hardware Database being skipped.
[   42.388047] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Platform Persistent Storage Archival being skipped.
[   42.389092] systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Random Seed...
[   42.390273] systemd[1]: Starting Create System Users...
[   42.406816] systemd[1]: Finished Load/Save Random Seed.
[   42.408709] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in First Boot Complete being skipped.
[   42.410165] systemd[1]: Finished Create System Users.
[   42.412453] systemd[1]: Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...
[   42.418172] systemd[1]: Finished Initial Check File System Quotas.
[   42.429120] systemd[1]: Finished Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.
[   42.430906] systemd[1]: Starting Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files...
[   42.436223] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[   42.436227] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[   42.436228] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[   42.436229] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[   42.449951] ACPI: bus type drm_connector registered
[   42.450404] systemd[1]: Mounted RPC Pipe File System.
[   42.451406] systemd[1]: Starting pNFS block layout mapping daemon...
[   42.451934] systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
[   42.452283] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module drm.
[   42.454355] systemd[1]: Started pNFS block layout mapping daemon.
[   42.466920] systemd[1]: Started Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.
[   42.468985] systemd[1]: Starting Network Service...
[   42.482992] systemd[1]: Finished Set the console keyboard layout.
[   42.507752] systemd[1]: Finished Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling.
[   42.507870] systemd[1]: Reached target Local File Systems (Pre).
[   42.539579] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service.
[   42.553503] acpi_cpufreq: overriding BIOS provided _PSD data
[   42.561672] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[   42.565078] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input1
[   42.568531] ACPI: button: Power Button [PWRB]
[   42.568874] sd 3:0:1:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[   42.570834] sd 3:0:2:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[   42.574606] sd 3:0:3:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[   42.576518] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input2
[   42.576551] sd 3:0:4:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[   42.577588] sd 3:0:5:0: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0
[   42.584095] sd 3:0:6:0: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0
[   42.592174] ACPI: button: Power Button [PWRF]
[   42.595542] sd 3:0:7:0: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 0
[   42.595748] r8169 0000:04:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware rtl_nic/rtl8168g-2.fw
[   42.596555] ses 3:0:8:0: Attached scsi generic sg8 type 13
[   42.596684] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg9 type 0
[   42.599088] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg10 type 0
[   42.604298] input: PC Speaker as /devices/platform/pcspkr/input/input3
[   42.615393] systemd-journald[798]: Received client request to flush runtime journal.
[   42.619045] sp5100_tco: SP5100/SB800 TCO WatchDog Timer Driver
[   42.621719] Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY r8169-0-400:00: attached PHY driver (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-0-400:00, irq=MAC)
[   42.642344] sp5100-tco sp5100-tco: Failed to reserve MMIO or alternate MMIO region
[   42.642395] sp5100-tco: probe of sp5100-tco failed with error -16
[   42.655985] cryptd: max_cpu_qlen set to 1000
[   42.685219] AVX version of gcm_enc/dec engaged.
[   42.685272] AES CTR mode by8 optimization enabled
[   42.800800] input: HDA ATI HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:05.1/sound/card0/input4
[   42.818231] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: Link is Down
[   42.888925] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
[   42.889075] radeon 0000:01:05.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
[   42.889633] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25
[   42.889920] [drm] initializing kernel modesetting (RS780 0x1002:0x9616 0x1458:0xD000 0x00).
[   42.890569] ATOM BIOS: B27732
[   42.890585] radeon 0000:01:05.0: VRAM: 512M 0x00000000C0000000 - 0x00000000DFFFFFFF (512M used)
[   42.890590] radeon 0000:01:05.0: GTT: 512M 0x00000000A0000000 - 0x00000000BFFFFFFF
[   42.890598] [drm] Detected VRAM RAM=512M, BAR=256M
[   42.890600] [drm] RAM width 32bits DDR
[   42.890629] [drm] radeon: 512M of VRAM memory ready
[   42.890632] [drm] radeon: 512M of GTT memory ready.
[   42.890641] [drm] Loading RS780 Microcode
[   42.893910] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware radeon/RS780_pfp.bin
[   42.894752] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware radeon/RS780_me.bin
[   42.896489] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware radeon/R600_rlc.bin
[   42.896503] [drm] radeon: power management initialized
[   42.896507] [drm] GART: num cpu pages 131072, num gpu pages 131072
[   42.915405] [drm] PCIE GART of 512M enabled (table at 0x00000000C0040000).
[   42.915440] radeon 0000:01:05.0: WB enabled
[   42.915445] radeon 0000:01:05.0: fence driver on ring 0 use gpu addr 0x00000000a0000c00
[   42.919478] radeon 0000:01:05.0: radeon: MSI limited to 32-bit
[   42.919495] [drm] radeon: irq initialized.
[   42.950634] [drm] ring test on 0 succeeded in 1 usecs
[   42.950879] [drm] ib test on ring 0 succeeded in 0 usecs
[   42.951901] [drm] Radeon Display Connectors
[   42.951903] [drm] Connector 0:
[   42.951905] [drm]   VGA-1
[   42.951906] [drm]   DDC: 0x7e40 0x7e40 0x7e44 0x7e44 0x7e48 0x7e48 0x7e4c 0x7e4c
[   42.951909] [drm]   Encoders:
[   42.951909] [drm]     CRT1: INTERNAL_KLDSCP_DAC1
[   42.951911] [drm] Connector 1:
[   42.951912] [drm]   DVI-D-1
[   42.951912] [drm]   HPD1
[   42.951913] [drm]   DDC: 0x7e50 0x7e50 0x7e54 0x7e54 0x7e58 0x7e58 0x7e5c 0x7e5c
[   42.951915] [drm]   Encoders:
[   42.951916] [drm]     DFP1: INTERNAL_KLDSCP_LVTMA
[   42.968693] [drm] fb mappable at 0xD0141000
[   42.968699] [drm] vram apper at 0xD0000000
[   42.968701] [drm] size 3145728
[   42.968704] [drm] fb depth is 24
[   42.968705] [drm]    pitch is 4096
[   42.968809] fbcon: radeondrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[   42.993990] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
[   42.994982] radeon 0000:01:05.0: [drm] fb0: radeondrmfb frame buffer device
[   43.035372] [drm] Initialized radeon 2.50.0 20080528 for 0000:01:05.0 on minor 0
[   43.064106] EXT4-fs (md1): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[   43.099664] EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
[   43.197238] EXT4-fs (dm-0): bad geometry: block count 9522326528 exceeds size of device (2856698880 blocks)
[   43.413872] SVM: TSC scaling supported
[   43.413877] kvm: Nested Virtualization enabled
[   43.413879] SVM: kvm: Nested Paging enabled
[   43.413890] SVM: LBR virtualization supported
[   43.429597] MCE: In-kernel MCE decoding enabled.
[   45.391715] [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[   45.391813] amdgpu: CRAT table not found
[   45.391816] amdgpu: Virtual CRAT table created for CPU
[   45.391832] amdgpu: Topology: Add CPU node
[   45.737903] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
[   45.737917] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): enp4s0: link becomes ready
[   46.720565] NFSD: Using UMH upcall client tracking operations.
[   46.720571] NFSD: starting 90-second grace period (net f0000000)
[  136.827116] EXT4-fs (dm-0): bad geometry: block count 9522326528 exceeds size of device (2856698880 blocks)
[135143.417824] md: data-check of RAID array md1
[135143.489597] md: delaying data-check of md126 until md1 has finished (they share one or more physical units)
[135340.210882] md: md1: data-check done.
[135340.217461] md: data-check of RAID array md126
[135761.486563] md: md126: data-check done.
root@bolivar:/# 

Estou tentando editar /etc/krb5.confcom crudini.

Eu tentei isso:

$ sudo crudini --set /etc/krb5.conf libdefaults renew_lifetime 7d
Source contains parsing errors: '<???>'
        [line  2]:      default_realm = myDOMAIN.LAN
$ echo $?
1
$

Eu espero isso:

$ sudo crudini --set /etc/krb5.conf libdefaults renew_lifetime 7d
$ crudini --get /etc/krb5.conf libdefaults renew_lifetime
7d
$

Eu forneci conjuntos de arquivos de entrada diferentes, conforme o exemplo mostrado abaixo

cat out.txt

[
  {
    "regional_unit": "node",
    "source_name": "1753250187_SPS", 
    "technology": "STP", 
    "temporal_unit": "15min", 
    "timestamp_column_name": "collectTime", 
    "timestamp_column_pattern": "yyyyMMddHHmmss", 
    "vendor": "HUA"
  }
]

Quero ler esses arquivos do diretório e quero remover [ & ]também os emptyespaços

GPUs integradas (iGPUs) usam a RAM do sistema para armazenar VRAM da GPU. Como saber o uso de VRAM da iGPU? explica o uso de ferramentas específicas da GPU para monitorar a quantidade de VRAM, mas estou interessado em saber se a quantidade correspondente de uso de RAM aparece para iGPUs (e não apareceria para GPUs discretas porque é armazenada em uma VRAM física separada da memória principal).

Por exemplo, se meu processo alocasse um pedaço de 512 MB de VRAM:

• As estatísticas de memória padrão do Linux (como as mostradas pelo htopou freeque não mostram nada sobre GPUs, pelo que sei) mostram isso como parte da quantidade de RAM alocada pelos processos?

• Ou isso é contabilizado globalmente em algum outro lugar no uso de RAM do sistema?

• Ou ele efetivamente "desaparece" do sistema, o que significa que a quantidade total de RAM utilizável (relatada por free) seria variável?

Sou um provedor. Estou sem IP4s. Não há mais alocações de IP4 disponíveis.
No entanto, estou usando 4 IPs por 1 cliente porque os switches de rede de fibra estão usando VLANs para rotear para os clientes.

Como posso, por exemplo, dar a 127 VLANs diferentes, cada uma com um IP exclusivo de /25, de modo que cada uma seja roteada para lá?

Digamos que meu IP seja 3.8.3.1/25. Como aloco 3.8.3.2 para vlan 3001, 3.8.3.3 para vlan 3002, ... 3.8.3.127 para vlan 3127?

• Requisito 1: Esses IPs precisam ser capazes de se comunicar entre si.
• Requisito 2: DHCP
• Requisito 3: Deve ser compatível com modelagem de tráfego.

Estou enfrentando um problema peculiar. Copiei o arquivo de mídia para o flash USB (usando o Linux Mint). Agora, quando esses arquivos são reproduzidos em mpvum ponto, ele congela por algum tempo, exibindo o que parecem símbolos verdes de línguas estrangeiras por toda a tela (e nenhuma legenda após o descongelamento). Quando reproduzido do disco inicial, ele reproduz bem. Os hashes calculados no terminal são os mesmos.

Gostaria de saber como reproduzir o mesmo arquivo pode levar a resultados diferentes.

No Linux em Bash em um loop for eu faço:

... ; do echo "$i --> $i-new" ; ...

A saída é algo como isto:

file1  -->  file1-new
file2  -->  file2-new
...
file9  -->  file9-new
file10  -->  file10-new
file11  -->  file11-new

como se tornar uma saída como esta:

file1   -->   file1-new
file2   -->   file2-new
...
file9   -->   file9-new
file10  -->  file10-new
file11  -->  file11-new

?