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learningregularexpressions
Asked: 2024-12-06 02:38:40 +0800 CST

Imprimindo uma seção específica sempre que os resultados da pesquisa forem correspondidos

  • 772

Tenho um arquivo de texto bem básico em uma máquina Linux que contém coisas como capítulos, diálogos e referências.

É assim que parece


Chapter: 1 One: Birds and Trees

Birds are beautiful and trees are amazing and
they are dependent on each other. Birds most of the time
choose to make their nests on trees since trees provide more
stability. One day the bird sat on a tree and said;

Bird: Oh my I'm so tired from all the flying, I should take a rest
Tree: Mr Bird, you seem tired, perhaps you should take some rest, and
here are some fruits to quench your thirst.
Bird: Oh thank you very much!

Reference:               Chapter 1: birds and trees

Chapter: 2 Two: Trees and Fruits

Fruits are very delicious to eat and they are mostly found
in trees. Fruits contain essential vitamins, minerals and loads
of good fibers.

Reference:               Chapter 2: trees and fruits

Este é o conteúdo do arquivo txt. Agora, digamos que eu estava procurando por quench, eu estava pensando que começaria do número do Capítulo até a Referência. Então eu tentei com grep;

$ grep -A 5 -B 5 'quench' file.txt

No entanto, isso não produz a saída desejada. Eu esperava algo assim;

Chapter: 1 One: Birds and Trees

Birds are beautiful and trees are amazing and
they are dependent on each other. Birds most of the time
choose to make their nests on trees since trees provide more
stability. One day the bird sat on a tree and said;

Bird: Oh my I'm so tired from all the flying, I should take a rest
Tree: Mr Bird, you seem tired, perhaps you should take some rest, and
here are some fruits to quench your thirst.
Bird: Oh thank you very much!

Reference:               Chapter 1: birds and trees

E também, pesquisar pela palavra "vitamina" retornaria;

Chapter: 2 Two: Trees and Fruits

Fruits are very delicious to eat and they are mostly found
in trees. Fruits contain essential vitamins, minerals and loads
of good fibers.

Reference:               Chapter 2: trees and fruits

Eu queria saber se isso seria possível através do sed ou awk.

PS: Cada nova linha é uma nova linha de verdade

shell-script

2 respostas

  1. Best Answer

    Uma awkideia:

    awk -v word="quench" '                                            # set variable "word" to string we are searching for
/^Chapter:/      { inblock = 1; block = "" }                      # start of new block; set flag and clear block

inblock          { block = block (block == "" ? "" : ORS) $0 }    # if inblock != 0 then append current line to "block"

/^Reference:/ &&                                                  # if end of block and ...
block ~ word     { print block; inblock = 0 }                     # word is in block then print block; clear flag
' file.txt

    Com -v word="quench"isso gera:

    Chapter: 1 One: Birds and Trees

Birds are beautiful and trees are amazing and
they are dependent on each other. Birds most of the time
choose to make their nests on trees since trees provide more
stability. One day the bird sat on a tree and said;

Bird: Oh my I'm so tired from all the flying, I should take a rest
Tree: Mr Bird, you seem tired, perhaps you should take some rest, and
here are some fruits to quench your thirst.
Bird: Oh thank you very much!

Reference:               Chapter 1: birds and trees

    Com -v word="essential"isso gera:

    Chapter: 2 Two: Trees and Fruits

Fruits are very delicious to eat and they are mostly found
in trees. Fruits contain essential vitamins, minerals and loads
of good fibers.

Reference:               Chapter 2: trees and fruits

    Com -v word="bubble", ou quando nenhuma -v word=...cláusula é fornecida, isso gera:

    -- no output
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  2. Usando Raku (anteriormente conhecido como Perl_6)

    ~$ raku -e 'my @a; 
            for slurp() { 
                @a = .comb(/^^ Chapter  .*?  <?before \nChapter | $ > /) 
            };  @a.grep(/quench/).put;'  file

    Certamente alguém postará uma resposta em Perl, mas aqui está uma resposta escrita em Raku (também conhecido como Perl6). O Raku fornece suporte de alto nível para Unicode, integrado.

    Resumidamente, o arquivo é slurpeditado e combeditado para localizar registros correspondentes (Capítulos). Então, na declaração final, grepé usado para retornar apenas registros correspondentes (Capítulos). A entrada de amostra é a mesma fornecida pelo OP.

    Exemplo de saída:

    Chapter: 1 One: Birds and Trees

Birds are beautiful and trees are amazing and
they are dependent on each other. Birds most of the time
choose to make their nests on trees since trees provide more
stability. One day the bird sat on a tree and said;

Bird: Oh my I'm so tired from all the flying, I should take a rest
Tree: Mr Bird, you seem tired, perhaps you should take some rest, and
here are some fruits to quench your thirst.
Bird: Oh thank you very much!

Reference:               Chapter 1: birds and trees

    Adicione chamadas para trim, trim-leadingou trim-trailingna declaração final para remover os espaços em branco ao redor, conforme desejado.

    https://raku.org

    • 0

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