Instalei o MySQL-5.6.x community edition no RHEL5. Estava funcionando bem. Desde então, é meu servidor de teste. Para encontrar as diferenças no tempo de execução, tenho que instalar o MySQL-5.1 community edition novamente. Então, decidi desinstalar o MySQL-5.6 primeiro. Para fazer isso, segui os passos abaixo:
1. uninstall MySQL server and client
# sudo yum erase mysql
2. Uninstall mysql libraries
# sudo yum remove mysql-libs
3. clean db cache
# sudo yum clean dbcache
4. find each and every instance of MySQL
# sudo find / -name mysql*;
5. remove each and every instance of MySQL and Even libmysqlclient.so too.
# sudo rm -r /directory path
6. install shared library
# sudo rpm -ivh /u000/mysql_installer/MySQL-shared-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
Result: successful 100%
6. install shared compat if you face any issue
# sudo rpm -ivh /u000/mysql_installer/MySQL-shared-compat-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
Result: successful 100%
7. install mysql server
# sudo rpm -ivh /u000/mysql_installer/MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
Mas, estou recebendo muitos erros de conflito, como abaixo:
file /etc/init.d/mysql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /etc/logrotate.d/mysql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/innochecksum from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/my_print_defaults from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/myisam_ftdump from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/myisamchk from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/myisamlog from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/myisampack from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_install_db from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_setpermission from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysql_zap from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysqlbug from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysqld_multi from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysqld_safe from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysqldumpslow from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/mysqltest from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/perror from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/replace from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/resolve_stack_dump from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/bin/resolveip from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/sbin/mysqld from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/sbin/mysqld-debug from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/innochecksum.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/my_print_defaults.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/myisam_ftdump.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/myisamchk.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/myisamlog.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/myisampack.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.server.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_convert_table_format.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_fix_extensions.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_install_db.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_secure_installation.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_setpermission.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_upgrade.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_zap.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbug.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_multi.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_safe.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysqldumpslow.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlhotcopy.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/mysqltest.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/perror.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/replace.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/resolve_stack_dump.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man1/resolveip.1.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/man/man8/mysqld.8.gz from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/SELinux/RHEL4/mysql.fc from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/SELinux/RHEL4/mysql.te from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/estonian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/fill_help_tables.sql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/french/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/german/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/greek/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/hungarian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/italian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/japanese/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/korean/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/mysql-log-rotate from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/mysql.server from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables.sql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables_data.sql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/mysql_test_data_timezone.sql from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/polish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/portuguese/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/romanian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/russian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/serbian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/slovak/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-server
Finalmente o servidor MySQL não foi instalado. Não sei que erro cometi?
Você não desinstalou MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.rhel5.x86_64 e MySQL-server, talvez outros. Por favor , não remova os arquivos do pacote manualmente , pois isso só tornaria as coisas mais problemáticas.
Cito uma resposta semelhante que escrevi há algum tempo :
Em seguida, instale a versão desejada como você está fazendo.
A razão pela qual você está tendo problemas é porque, dependendo da fonte de instalação (repositórios oficiais, repositórios de distribuição, terceiros, ...) o nome dos pacotes pode ser um pouco diferente e você pode cair em algum inferno de dependência, criando algumas dores de cabeça ao mover entre fornecedores/repositórios. Também pode ser um pouco enganador, pois os pacotes mysql podem incluir aliases e pacotes de transição . Fixação e prioridades podem torná-lo mais suave, mas nem sempre é trivial.
Atenção: Tenha cuidado se você tentar reutilizar o arquivo de configuração e/ou arquivos de dados (que não são excluídos na remoção), pois os downgrades de 5.6 para 5.5/5.1 podem ser incompatíveis em alguns casos devido a alterações no formato binário (a menos que um cuidado especial é levado).
Dica: Se você deseja mais flexibilidade ao migrar entre as versões, pode usar os pacotes binários autocontent . Funciona muito bem para testes. Você perde atualizações fáceis e gerenciamento de pacotes, mas ganha muito controle (por exemplo, para downgrades, em caso de bug). O MySQL Sandbox também é uma ferramenta muito boa para gerenciar testes de diferentes versões e topologias.